关于我国林木育种向智能分子设计育种发展的思考

Thoughts on the development of forest tree breeding towards intelligent molecular design breeding in China

“作物育种4.0”的提出,为我国林木遗传育种指明了向智能分子设计育种发展的前进方向。本文提出了理想品种的概念及其智能设计实现条件,简要综述了我国林木遗传育种研究历史以及存在的问题,并提出了推动我国林木智能分子设计育种的发展对策等。林木遗传育种应该瞄准国家林业重大需求,有组织地选择重要树种系统布局,在推动树种高世代遗传改良及其利用的同时,准备系谱关系清晰的育种资源群体,做到等位变异有迹可循;解析重要性状遗传变异规律及其调控网络,实现基因调控有据可查;建立高效的多组学大数据整合分析以及育种群体构建、亲本选配和后代选择等分子设计育种技术方法体系,保证智能育种有“法”可依等。逐步解决我国林木遗传育种中存在的问题,为实施林木智能设计育种创造理想条件。在每一育种世代品种向理想品种选育的推进过程中,尽可能将智能分子设计育种的最新理论和技术成果应用于育种实践,选育出高产、优质、高抗的当前世代理想品种,满足国家林业发展的现实需要。

With the proposal of“Crop Breeding 4.0”being put forward,the developmental direction for the forest tree genetic breeding towards intelligent molecular design breeding has been pointed out in China.In this paper,the concept of ideal varieties and the conditions for their intelligent design implementation were put forward.The research history and existing problems of forest genetics and tree breeding in China were briefly reviewed,and some strategies to promote the development of intelligent molecular design breeding of trees were also proposed.It is believed that forest genetics and tree breeding should aim at the major needs for national forestry development and select important tree species in an organized way and layout.It is necessary to prepare breeding population resources with clear pedigree relationships and trackable allelic variation patterns while promoting high-generation genetic improvement and utilization of the tree species.Moreover,the variation rules and genetic regulatory network of important traits should be analyzed to achieve well-documented gene regulation.Meanwhile,a system of molecular design breeding technology,such as efficient multi-omics big data integration,breeding population construction,parental selection,and progeny screening,also should be established to ensure the methodological basis of the intelligent breeding.As a result,the existing problems in forest genetics and tree breeding of China could be solved,providing ideal conditions for the implementation of intelligent design breeding of trees.In each breeding generation,the latest achievements in theories and technologies of intelligent molecular design breeding should be applied to breeding practice as far as possible,to produce ideal varieties for the current generation with high yield,good quality,and strong resistant,meeting the needs of national forestry development.