胰岛素通路对围产期奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、健康状况和生产性能影响的研究进展

Research Progress on Effects of Insulin Pathway on Glucose Metabolism,Lipid Metabolism,Health Status and Production Performance of Transition Dairy Cows

围产期奶牛由于干物质摄入不足与能量输出增加,产生能量负平衡,导致机体代谢紊乱,引发营养代谢性疾病,阻碍奶牛养殖业的健康发展。胰岛素对肝脏、骨骼肌、脂肪等组织的稳定代谢具有重要调控作用,体内胰岛素通路功能的正常可保证围产期奶牛处于健康状态,降低营养代谢性疾病发生率。通过提高围产期奶牛能量代谢,改善氧化应激及胰岛素相关关键通路和激酶等方式可有效提高胰岛素敏感性,维持葡萄糖和脂质代谢稳态,提高健康状况和生产性能。本文阐述了胰岛素通路调控各组织代谢的作用机制、胰岛素抵抗的发生及对围产期奶牛糖代谢、脂代谢、健康状况和生产性能的影响,并揭示相应的调控措施,为预防围产期奶牛营养代谢性疾病提供理论参考依据。

Due to the insufficient intake of dry matter and the increase of energy output in transition cows,a negative energy balance is generated,which leads to metabolic disorders and nutritional and metabolic diseases and hinders the healthy development of the dairy farming industry.Insulin is essential in regulating the stable metabolism of the liver,skeletal muscle,fat and other tissues.The normal function of the insulin pathway in the body can ensure the healthy state of transition cows and reduce the incidence of nutritional metabolic diseases.Improving transition cows’energy metabolism,oxidative stress and insulinrelated key pathways and kinases can effectively improve insulin sensitivity,maintain glucose and lipid metabolism homeostasis,and improve health status and production performance.This paper reviewed the mechanism of the insulin pathway regulating the metabolism of various tissues,the occurrence of insulin resistance,and its influence on glucose and lipid metabolism,health status and production performance of transition dairy cows.The corresponding regulation measures were revealed to provide a theoretical reference for preventing nutritional metabolic diseases of transition dairy cows.