发酵柴胡茎叶对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道健康的影响

Effects of Fermented Bupleurum Stems and Leaves on Performance,Egg Quality and Intestinal Health of Laying Hens

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加发酵柴胡茎叶对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道健康的影响。选取384只35周龄京粉6号蛋鸡,随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加5%(TM5%组)、10%(TM10%组)和15%发酵柴胡茎叶(TM15%组)的试验饲粮。预试期2周,正试期12周。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,TM5%、TM10%和TM15%组的37~48周龄平均蛋重显著提高(P<0.05),TM5%和TM10%组的41~44周龄和45~48周龄平均蛋重显著提高(P<0.05),TM10%组的蛋壳厚度显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,TM15%组的十二指肠绒毛高度和绒隐比显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,TM5%、TM10%和TM15%组的十二指肠和空肠超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P<0.05),TM10%和TM15%组的十二指肠和空肠丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),TM10%和TM15%组的十二指肠和回肠过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著提高(P<0.05),TM10%组的十二指肠和空肠总抗氧化能力(T⁃AOC)显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与CON组相比,TM5%、TM10%和TM15%组的盲肠微生物Chao1、Observed⁃Otus和Shannon指数显著提高(P<0.05),盲肠另支菌属(Alistipes)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);TM15%组的盲肠未分类的梭菌纲UCG⁃014(Clostridia_UCG⁃014_unclassified)相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),沙特尔沃思菌属(Shuttleworthia)和普雷沃氏菌科UCG⁃001(Prevotellaceae_UCG⁃001)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加发酵柴胡茎叶可以调节肠道微生物区系,改善肠道形态和抗氧化性能,提高蛋重和蛋壳厚度。结合生产性能、蛋品质和肠道抗氧化性能,蛋鸡饲粮中发酵柴胡茎叶的适宜添加水平为10%。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary fermented bupleurum stems and leaves supplementation on performance,egg quality and intestinal health of laying hens.Three hundred and eightyfour 35weekold Jingfen No.6 laying hens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 12 hens per replicate.Hens in control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet,and the others in experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 5%(TM5%group),10%(TM10%group)and 15%fermented bupleurum stems and leaves(TM15%group),respectively.The preexperimental period lasted for 2 weeks,and the experimental period lasted for 12 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)compared with CON group,the average egg weight during 37 to 48 weeks of age of TM5%,TM10%and TM15%groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),the average egg weight during 41 to 44 weeks of age and 45 to 48 weeks of age of TM5%and TM10%groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the eggshell thickness of TM10%group was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)Compared with CON group,the duodenal villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth of TM15%group were significantly increased(P<0.05).3)Compared with CON group,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)in duodenum and jejunum of TM5%,TM10%and TM15%groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in duodenum and jejunum of TM10%and TM15%groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the activity of catalase(CAT)in duodenum and ileum of TM10%and TM15%groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the total antioxidant capacity(TAOC)duodenum and jejunum of TM10%grous was significantly increased(P<0.05).4)Compared with CON group,the cecal microbiota Chao1,ObservedOtus and Shannon indexes of TM5%,TM10%and TM15%groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the cecal Alistipes relative abundance was significantly decreased(P<0.05);the cecal Clostridia_UCG014_unclassified relative abundance of TM15%group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the relative abundances of Shuttleworthia and Prevotellaceae_UCG001 were significantly increased(P<0.05).In summary,the addition of fermented bupleurum stem and leaves in the diet can regulate the intestinal microbiota,improve intestinal morphology and antioxidant performance,and increase egg weight and eggshell thickness.Based on performance,egg quality and intestinal antioxidant performance,the appropriate supplemental level of fermented bupleurum stem and leaves in the diet of laying hens is 10%.