发酵鲭鱼加工副产物替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼生长、肝脏抗氧化能力及肠道结构的影响

Effects of Replacement of Fish Meal with Fermented Fish Processing Wastes on Growth,Hepatic Antioxidant Ability and Intestinal Structure of Juvenile Largemouth Bass(Micropterus salmoides)

以大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)幼鱼[初始体质量(5.87±0.04)g]为研究对象,在室内循环水系统进行10周的养殖试验,研究发酵鲭鱼加工副产物(FFPW)替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长、血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化能力和肠道结构等指标的影响。以FFPW分别替代基础饲料(FFPW0)中10%(FFPW10)、20%(FFPW20)和40%(FFPW40)的鱼粉,配制4种等氮等能试验饲料。将360尾规格一致的大口黑鲈幼鱼随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾,每种饲料饲喂3缸鱼。结果表明:与FFPW0组相比,FFPW替代饲料10%~40%鱼粉对大口黑鲈幼鱼成活率、终末体重、增重率和特定生长率无显著影响(P>0.05),但FFPW20组终末体重、增重率、特定生长率显著高于FFPW40组(P<0.05),而与FFPW10组差异不显著(P>0.05)。FFPW替代饲料10%~40%鱼粉对摄食率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、肥满度和脏体比无显著影响(P>0.05)。FFPW20组肝体比显著高于FFPW0组和FFPW40组(P<0.05)。FFPW20组全鱼水分和粗蛋白质含量最低,而粗脂肪含量最高。FFPW0组肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于FFPW20和FFPW40组(P<0.05);FFPW0组肌肉水分含量显著高于FFPW替代组(P<0.05)。随着FFPW替代比例的增加,血清总蛋白含量逐渐升高,而血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量逐渐降低,尤其是FFPW40组变化显著(P<0.05)。FFPW替代饲料中10%~40%鱼粉对肝脏抗氧化酶和消化酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。FFPW0组肠道绒毛长度显著高于FFPW替代组(P<0.05),而肌层厚度显著低于FFPW40组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,FFPW可替代大口黑鲈饲料中40%鱼粉,而不会影响其生长、饲料利用、抗氧化能力和免疫力及肠道健康。

A 10week feeding trial was conducted in indoor culture system to evaluate effects of replacement of fish meal with fermented fish processing wastes(FFPW)on growth,serum biochemical indices,hepatic antioxidant ability and intestinal structure of juvenile largemouth bass[initial body weight:(5.87±0.04)g].Four isonitrogenous diets were formulated to replace fish meal by FFPW at 0(FFPW0),10%(FFPW10),20%(FFPW20)and 40%(FFPW40),respectively.A total of 360 fish with similar size were randomly allotted to 4 groups,each group consisted of three replicates with 30 fish per replicate,and three tanks of fish were fed for each diet.These results showed that compared with FFPW0 group,replacing 10%to 40%of fish meal with FFPW had no significant effects on survival rate,final body weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate(P>0.05),however,the final body weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate in FFPW20 group were significantly higher than those in FFPW40 group(P<0.05),but no significant difference was observed between FFPW20 group and FFPW10 group(P>0.05).Replacing 10%to 40%of fish meal with FFPW had no significant effects on feeding intake,feed coefficient,protein efficiency ratio,condition factor and viscerosomatic index(P>0.05).Fish in FFPW20 group had significantly higher hepatosomatic index than those in FFPW0 and FFPW40 groups(P<0.05).Fish in FFPW20 group had the lowest moisture and crude protein contents of whole body and the highest crude lipid content.The muscle crude lipid content was significantly lower in FFPW0 group than that in FFPW20 and FFPW40 groups(P<0.05).Muscle moisture content in FFPW0 group was significantly higher than that in FFPW replacement groups(P<0.05).With the increase of FFPW replacement level,serum total protein content was gradually increased,while serum glucose and triglyceride contents were gradually decreased,especially the FFPW40 group changed significantly(P<0.05).Replacing 10%to 40%of fish meal with FFPW had no significant effect on hepatic antioxidant enzyme and intestinal digestive enzyme activities(P>0.05).The villus length in FFPW0 group was significantly higher than that in FFPW replacement group(P<0.05),while the thickness of muscular layer was significantly lower than that in FFPW40 group(P<0.05).In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,40%of fish meal can be replaced by FFPW for juvenile largemouth bass without having a negative effect on growth,feed utilization,antioxidant and immunity,and intestinal health.