不同剂量糖蜜和复合菌酶制剂对鲜食玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响

Effects of Different Doses of Molasses and Compound Bacteria Enzyme Preparation on Quality of Fresh Corn Straw Silage

试验旨在研究不同剂量糖蜜和复合菌酶制剂(植物乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、纤维素酶)对鲜食玉米秸秆青贮品质的影响。以鲜食玉米秸秆为原料,对照组不添加糖蜜和复合菌酶制剂,Ⅰ组添加20 g/kg糖蜜,Ⅱ组添加3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂,Ⅲ组添加20 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂,Ⅳ组添加40 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂。每组设3个重复,分别在第0天(青贮前)、第15天、第30天、第45天、第60天对鲜食玉米秸秆青贮的发酵品质及微生物数量进行测定,第60天时对营养成分含量进行测定。结果显示:1)青贮第60天时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的粗蛋白质(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)青贮第60天时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的pH和丙酸含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的乳酸和乙酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)青贮第60天时,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的乳酸菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);青贮第30天时,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的好氧性细菌和酵母菌数量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见,添加20 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂和添加40 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂均可改善鲜食玉米秸秆青贮发酵品质,且二者之间差异不显著,所以从生产实际和节约成本2方面考虑,添加20 g/kg糖蜜+3 g/kg复合菌酶制剂较为适宜。

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different doses of molasses and compound microbial enzyme preparations(Lactobacillus plantarum,Bifidobacterium and cellulase)on quality of fresh corn straw silage.The fresh corn straw was used as a raw material,the control group(CK group)was no adding molasses and compound enzyme preparation,groupⅠwas added 20 g/kg molasses,groupⅡwas added 3 g/kg compound enzyme preparation,groupⅢwas added 20 g/kg molasses+3 g/kg compound enzyme preparation,and groupⅣwas added 40 g/kg molasses+3 g/kg compound enzyme preparation.There were 3 replicates in each group.The fermentation quality and microbial quantities of fresh corn straw silage were measured on day 0(before silage),day 15,day 30,day 45 and day 60 days,respectively,and the nutrient contents was measured on day 60.The results showed as follows:1)on day 60 of silage,the contents of crude protein(CP)and ether extract(EE)of groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwere significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the contents of neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).2)On day 60 of silage,the pH and propionic acid contents of groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwere significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the contents of lactic acid and acetic acid of groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwere significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).3)On day 60 of silage,the quantity of lactic acid bacteria of groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05);on day 30 of silage,the quantities of aerobic bacteria and yeast of groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwere significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).In conclusion,adding 20 g/kg molasses+3 g/kg compound bacteria enzyme preparation and adding 40 g/kg molasses+3 g/kg compound bacteria enzyme preparation can improve the quality of fresh corn straw silage,and the difference between the two is not significant.Therefore,considering the actual production and cost saving,adding 20 g/kg molasses+3 g/kg compound bacteria enzyme preparation is suitable.