卫星磁姿态控制方法与算法综述

An Overview of Magnetic Attitude Control Algorithms for Satellites

自太空探索之初,姿态控制磁控系统便因其体积小、质量轻、成本低、可靠性高等优点被广泛应用于各类轨道卫星.近些年,随着微小卫星技术的迅猛发展,姿态控制磁控系统满足了微小卫星对质量、空间等资源的限制,成为了学者们研究的热点.本文综述了自20世纪60年代以来卫星尤其是微小卫星所采用的主要磁姿态控制方法和算法,包括飞轮起旋与卸载算法、被动以及主动磁姿态控制算法等.其中主动磁姿态控制算法包括主动磁阻尼算法、磁控与自旋、定转速飞轮、重力梯度力矩结合的算法以及纯磁控算法.最后对该研究进行了总结与展望.

Magnetic attitude control systems have been widely used for low earth orbit satellites since the beginning of space era because of their reliability,lightweight,low cost and energy efficiency.Recently,small satellites are increasingly attractive.Magnetic controllers meet the limitations of small satellites and are considered as favorable candidates for small satellites.In this paper,the satellite magnetic attitude control algorithms,including algorithms for reaction wheel start-up and unloading,passive and active magnetic attitude control algorithms,are covered.The algorithms herein are especially for small satellites.As for active magnetic attitude control algorithms,magnetic damping algorithms,the algorithms combining magnetic control with spin,constant speed flywheel and gravity gradient torque,and purely magnetic control algorithms are covered.Finally,the research is summarized.