舒泰与盐酸右美托咪定对兔复合麻醉效果的研究

Study on the combined anesthetic effect of Zoletil and Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on rabbits

为了探讨用舒泰与盐酸右美托咪定对实验兔进行复合麻醉在小型手术和试验中使用的可行性,试验在兔的耳缘静脉分别按体重注射舒泰(0.3 mL/kg)和盐酸右美托咪定(0.02 mL/kg),记录麻醉诱导时间、麻醉时间、苏醒时间,麻醉前(0分钟)及麻醉后5,10,15,20,25,30分钟的镇痛、镇静和肌松作用效果及体温(T)、呼吸频率(RR)、心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_(2))等生理指标;分别在麻醉前(0小时)及麻醉后1,2,24小时时耳缘静脉采血,测定血常规和血液生化指标。结果表明:该复合麻醉方案的麻醉诱导时间为(2.6±0.4)min,麻醉时间为(31.2±5.2)min,苏醒时间为(8.5±2.6)min。麻醉后5分钟大多数实验兔进入良好的镇静状态,并持续至麻醉后第25分钟;麻醉后5分钟大多数实验兔进入良好的镇痛状态,并持续至麻醉后第20分钟;麻醉后15分钟大多数实验兔肌松状态良好,并持续至麻醉后第20分钟。与麻醉前相比,实验兔T、RR、HR、SpO_(2)均呈现先下降后上升趋势。T在麻醉后10分钟显著下降(P<0.05);随后逐渐升高,基本恢复到正常水平;HR在25,30分钟显著升高(P<0.05);麻醉前后实验兔血常规指标差异不显著(P>0.05);与麻醉前(0小时)相比,麻醉后1,2,24小时时丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性均显著升高(P<0.05);麻醉后1,24小时时碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著下降(P<0.05),尿素氮(UREA)含量显著上升(P<0.05);麻醉后1小时时肌酐(CREA)含量显著上升(P<0.05),在麻醉后2小时后基本恢复至麻醉前水平。说明舒泰与盐酸右美托咪定的复合麻醉方案对兔呼吸系统、肝脏功能影响较小,对肾脏功能有一定程度的影响,能够满足兔的小型外科手术和短时试验的麻醉需要。

In order to investigate the feasibility of using a combination of Zoletil and Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride combined anesthesia for experimental rabbits in minor surgery and experiments,the experiment was conducted by injecting Zoletil(0.3 mL/kg)and Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride(0.02 mL/kg)into the auricular vein of rabbits,and the induction time,anesthesia time and recovery time of anesthesia were recorded.The analgesic,sedative and muscle relaxation effects,body temperature(T),respiratory rate(RR),heart rate(HR),blood oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))and other physiological indexes were measured before anesthesia(0 minutes)and 5,10,15,20,25 and 30 minutes after anesthesia.The results showed that the induction time of anesthesia was(2.6±0.4)min,the anesthesia time was(31.2±5.2)min and the awakening time was(8.5±2.6)min.At 5 minutes after anesthesia,most of the experimental rabbits entered a good sedation state,and lasted until 25 minutes after anesthesia.At 5 minutes after anesthesia,most of the experimental rabbits entered a good analgesic state,which lasted until 20 minutes after anesthesia.15 minutes after anesthesia,muscle relaxation in most experimental rabbits was good and lasted until 30 minutes after anesthesia.Compared with things before anesthesia,T,RR,HR and SpO_(2)all decreased first and then increased.The body temperature decreased significantly at 10 minutes after anesthesia(P<0.05).It was significantly increased at 25 minutes and 30 minutes(P<0.05),and basically returned to normal level;HR was significantly increased at 25 and 30 minutes(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in blood routine indexes before and after anesthesia(P>0.05);compared with things before anesthesia(0 h),the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)were significantly increased at 1,2,24 h after anesthesia(P<0.05).Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity significantly decreased(P<0.05),and UREA nitrogen(UREA)content significantly increased(P<0.05)at 1,24 hours after anesthesia;creatinine(CREA)content increased significantly at 1 hour after anesthesia(P<0.05),and recovered to pre-anesthesia level at 2 hours after anesthesia.The results indicated that the combined anesthesia regimen of Zoletil and Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride had little effect on the respiratory system and liver function of rabbits,and had certain effect on the kidney function,which could meet the needs of anesthesia for minor surgical operations and short-term experiments in rabbits.