葡萄牙与明朝的初期交往述论

The Early Exchanges between Portugal and the Ming Dynasty

明朝正德末年,被称为“佛郎机”的航海强国葡萄牙远洋东进到中国。葡萄牙人积极谋求叩开中国的海关之门,以便进行商品贸易,攫取巨额利益。葡萄牙在与明朝的初期交往中,尝试以海上强国的姿态先后采用了出使、战争、走私等手段,最终都无法叩开中国贸易的大门。在历经三十年的武装冲突与走私贸易失败之后,葡萄牙开始向明朝正常缴税,按照中国规定办事。面对葡萄牙的叩关,明朝先是实行海禁,其后逐步开海开市。

In the late years of the Zhengde reign of the Ming Dynasty,Portugal,a maritime power known as the"Franco plane,"advanced eastward to China.The Portuguese actively sought to knock on the door of China's customs in order to engage in commodity trade and seize huge profits.In the early stages of its relations with the Ming Dynasty,Portugal attempted diplomatic missions,wars,smuggling and other means as a maritime power,but ultimately failed to open the door to China's trade.After three decades of armed conflict and failed smuggling,the Portuguese chose to put aside their arrogance elsewhere and began to pay regular taxes to the Ming Dynasty and play by Chinese rules.In the face of Portugal's arrival,China first imposed a sea ban,and then opened up trade in line with the world trend.