天然醛类化合物在农产品采后真菌病害防治中的应用进展

Research progress on the application of natural aldehydes to postharvest fungal diseases in agricultural products

农产品种类众多、营养价值丰富,在人类日常饮食中不可或缺。然而,水果、蔬菜、食用菌和甘薯等农产品在采后易受病原真菌感染而发生腐烂变质,导致品质下降,贮藏期缩短。目前,主要通过化学杀菌剂来控制农产品采后腐烂,但化学杀菌剂的长期重复使用会导致病原菌抗药性增加、农药残留及环境污染等问题。天然醛类化合物具有广谱杀菌作用,尤其是针对农产品采后真菌病害的防治,具有绿色安全、快速有效等优点,在农产品保鲜中具有巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了天然醛类化合物的化学组成,对农产品采后病原真菌的抑制活性与抑菌机制,以及在农产品采后真菌病害防治中应用的研究进展,并对其在农产品采后保鲜中应用的未来趋势进行展望,以期为天然醛类化合物在农产品保鲜中更深层次的应用提供理论依据和新思路。

There are numerous types of agricultural products with rich nutritional value,which are indispensable in human daily diet.However,agricultural products,e.g.fruit,vegetables,edible mushrooms and sweet potato,are susceptible to infection by pathogenic fungi and decay after harvest,leading to a deterioration of quality and a shortened storage period.At present,chemical fungicides are mainly used to control postharvest decay of agricultural products,but long-term repeated use of chemical fungicides can lead to increased resistance of pathogens,pesticide residues and environmental pollution.Natural aldehydes have broad-spectrum bactericidal effects,especially in the prevention and control of postharvest fungal diseases in agricultural products.They have the advantages of being green,safe,fast and effective,and have great application potential in the preservation of agricultural products.This paper reviewed the chemical composition of natural aldehydes,the inhibitory activity and mechanism of pathogenic fungi on postharvest agricultural products,and the research progress of their application in postharvest fungal diseases in agricultural products,and prospected the future trend of their application in postharvest preservation of agricultural products,with a view to providing theoretical basis and new ideas for the deeper application of natural aldehydes in agricultural products preservation.