连云港市无偿献血人群乙型肝炎病毒感染调查及输血残余风险评估

Hepatitis B Virus Infection Survey of Blood Donation Population without Repayment in Lianyungang and Blood Transfusion Residual Risk Evaluation

目的:调查连云港市无偿献血人群乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况,评估输血传播HBV的残余风险。方法:收集2021年1月—2022年12月连云港市红十字中心血站102 013名无偿献血者的相关资料,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg),采用核酸检测技术测定HBV-DNA,使用流行率-窗口期输血残余风险模型评估无偿献血者血液传播HBV的残余风险。结果:首次献血者HBsAg阳性率高于重复献血者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);首次献血者与重复献血者HBV-DNA阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.688)。首次献血者HBsAg传播残余风险1:4 225,HBV-DNA传播残余风险1:21 729,首次献血者血液传播HBV残余风险均高于重复献血者。结论:重复献血者血液传播HBV的残余风险小于首次献血者,因此需加强对初次献血者的征询与献血宣传,提高重复献血率;应用核酸检测技术对献血者HBV-DNA进行测定可降低输血传播残余风险,提高输血安全。

Objective:To survey hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection of blood donation population without repayment in Lianyungang and evaluate the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV.Methods:The relevant data of 102013 blood donors without repayment in Lianyungang Red Cross Center Blood Station from January 2021 to December 2022 were collected.Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,HBV-DNA was determined by nucleic acid testing technology,and the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV of blood donors without repayment was assessed by using the prevalence-window period residual risk model.Results:The positive rate of HBsAg in the first-time blood donors was higher than that in the repeat blood donors,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of HBV-DNA between the first-time blood donors and the repeat blood donors(P=0.688).The residual risk of HBsAg transmission in the first-time blood donors was 1:4225,the residual risk of HBV-DNA transmission in the first-time blood donors was 1:21729,and the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV in the first-time blood donors was higher than that in the repeat blood donors.Conclusion:The residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HBV in repeat blood donors is lower than that in first-time blood donors,so it is necessary to strengthen the consultation and blood donation publicity of first-time blood donors to increase the rate of repeat blood donation.The determination of the HBV-DNA of blood donors by using nucleic acid testing technology can reduce the residual risk of transfusion transmission and improve the safety of blood transfusion.