祁连山祁丰矿区废弃矿山植被恢复调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on Vegetation Restoration of Abandoned Mines in Qifeng Mining Area of Qilian Mountains

为了解祁连山祁丰矿区植被恢复情况,以期为该地区的废弃矿山植被恢复和重建提供理论依据,在该矿区选择包括石灰石矿、煤矿、铜矿、多金属矿、石英岩矿的5处典型废弃矿山为研究对象,通过设置植被样方并进行植被群落结构调查。结果表明:废弃矿山的主要恢复措施为建筑物及废弃设施拆除、垃圾清理、渣堆整平、废弃探采坑洞的回填及刷坡整平、覆土、人工平土、植草绿化、纤丝石笼挡墙、道路翻耕、封育围栏等。从植被恢复效果看,土壤层较厚(蓄水能力强)的矿点及有灌溉条件的矿点,其植被恢复效果好;而土壤层较薄或无灌溉条件的矿点,其植被恢复效果差一些。因此,建议继续坚持人工修复和自然修复相结合,同时加强植被生态恢复后的后期管理,使矿山植被生态系统恢复进入良性循环。

In order to understand the situation of vegetation restoration in Qifeng mining area of Qilian Mountains and provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction of abandoned mines in this area,five typical abandoned mines including limestone mine,coal mine,copper mine,polymetallic mine and quartzite mine were selected as the research objects in this mining area.The vegetation community structure was investigated by setting up vegetation quadrats.The results showed that the main restoration measures of abandoned mines were demolition of buildings and abandoned facilities,garbage cleaning,slag heap leveling,backfilling of abandoned exploration pits and holes,slope leveling,soil covering,artificial soil leveling,grass planting and greening,steel wire gabion retaining wall,road ploughing,enclosure and so on.From the perspective of vegetation restoration effect,the mining sites with thicker soil layer(strong water storage capacity)and the mining sites with irrigation conditions had good vegetation restoration effect;however,the effect of vegetation restoration was poor in mining sites with thin soil layer or no irrigation conditions.Therefore,it is suggested to continue to adhere to the combination of artificial restoration and natural restoration,and strengthen the later management after vegetation ecological restoration,so that the restoration of mine vegetation ecosystem can enter a virtuous circle.