基于资源视角的郑州市3所医院护士工作重塑的影响因素分析

Analysis on influencing factors of job crafting based on job demand-resources theory among nurses in three hospitals in Zhengzhou City

目的 了解护士工作重塑的现状并分析其影响因素,为提高护士的工作重塑水平提供参考。方法 采用一般资料调查表、工作重塑量表、基本心理需要满足量表、工作投入量表于2021年8月—2022年3月对郑州市3所三级甲等综合医院的163名护士进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 护士的工作重塑总均分为(3.38±0.67)分,工作投入总均分为(3.17±0.82)分,基本心理需要满足总均分为(4.46±0.92)分。不同年龄、子女情况、工作年限、技术职称、身体状况、工作收入满意度、工作满意度的护士工作重塑得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);护士工作重塑总分及各维度得分与工作投入和基本心理需要满足总分及各维度得分均呈正相关(r=0.426~0.735,均P<0.01);子女情况、奉献、胜任感、自主权均是护士工作重塑的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 护士的工作重塑处于中等偏上水平,医院管理部门应营造健康的工作环境,完善护士群体同事支持系统和奖励制度,积极鼓励创新性的工作,满足护士的基本心理需要,提高其工作投入水平,从而更好地激发护士的工作重塑行为。

Objective To understand the current situation of job crafting in nurses and analyze its influencing factors,provide the reference for improving the level of job crafting in nurses.Methods From August 2021 to March 2022,the questionnaire survey was conducted among 163 nurses in three grade-A tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou City by the general information survey questionnaire,job crafting scale,basic psychological needs satisfaction scale,and work engagement scale,and the data were analyzed.Results The total average scores of job crafting,work engagement scale and basic psychological needs satisfaction in nurses were(3.38±0.67),(3.17±0.82)and(4.46±0.92)points,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of job crafting among nurses with different age,number of children,years of work experience,technical title,physical condition,job income satisfaction and job satisfaction(all P<0.05).The total scores of job crafting and scores of each dimension were positively correlated with the total scores of work engagement and basic psychological needs satisfaction and scores of each dimension(r=0.426-0.735,all P<0.01).The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that number of children,dedication,competence and autonomy were the influencing factors of nurses'job crafting(all P<0.05).Conclusion The nurses'job crafting is at a slightly above average level,and the hospital management departments should create a healthy working environment,improve the nursing colleagues support system and reward system,actively encourage innovative work,meet the basic psychological needs of nurses,improve their work engagement level,and better stimulate the job crafting behavior among nurses.