广州市某洗涤设备制造企业噪声频谱特性与防噪对策分析

Analysis on noise spectrum characteristics and noise prevention measures for a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City

目的 了解广州市某洗涤设备制造企业噪声强度与噪声频谱特性,分析噪声超标原因,为噪声危害防控提供支持。方法 2022年7月,对广州市某洗涤设备制造企业开展职业卫生学现场调查,采取个体检测与定点检测方式,测量与分析员工作业期间的噪声等效声级、噪声频谱。结果 广州市某洗涤设备制造企业不同岗位员工接触噪声8 h等效声级强度(LEX,8h)范围为80.3~101.1 d B(A),噪声岗位超标率71.4%。车床、钻床、液压机操作、数控冲床、剪板、折弯等岗位在低频与中频均有较高噪声暴露;各焊接岗位以中高频噪声为主;洗衣机装配岗位以中低噪声为主;锅炉操作、设备测试、叉车作业、质检等流动岗位的噪声频谱特征类似,以中低频噪声为主。结论 广州市某洗涤设备制造企业噪声作业岗位的噪声暴露水平超标较多,噪声危害较为严重,噪声呈现出低、中、高频率同时存在的宽带频谱特征,应采取改进工艺、工程控制、组织管理、个体防护、听力保护计划等方案保护员工听力健康。

Objective To understand the noise intensity and spectrum characteristics of a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou City,analyze the reasons for excessive noise,and provide support for noise hazard prevention and control.Methods In July 2022,a occupational hygiene on-site survey was conducted on a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou,the equivalent sound level and noise spectrum of employees during work were measured and analyzed by individual testing and fixed-point testing.Results The LEX,8h of employees in different positions of a washing equipment manufacturing enterprise ranged from 80.3-101.1 dB(A),with a noise exceeding rate of 71.4%.The positions such as lathes,drilling machines,hydraulic press operations,CNC punching machines,plate cutting,bending had high noise exposure at low and medium frequencies.All welding positions were mainly subject to medium and high frequency noise.The washing machine assembly positions mainly focused on medium and low noise.The noise spectrum characteristics of mobile positions such as boiler operation,equipment testing,forklift operation,and quality inspection were similar,with medium to low frequency noise being the main source.Conclusions The noise exposure level of noise work positions in this enterprise exceeds the standard,and the noise hazards are relatively serious.The noise exhibits broadband spectral characteristics of low,medium,and high frequencies.Measures such as improving processes,engineering control,organizational management,individual protection,and hearing protection plans should be taken to protect employees'hearing health.