重庆市沙坪坝区老年听力残疾人群流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological survey of elderly people with hearing disability in Shapingba District of Chongqing

目的分析重庆市沙坪坝区老年(≥60岁)社区居民的听力残疾患病现状及患者社会支持、焦虑抑郁状况。方法于2022年7月至2023年6月从重庆市沙坪坝区3个社区抽取≥60岁的老年社区居民作为研究对象,使用听力障碍筛查量表(HHIE-S)、纯音听阈测试方法进行听力残疾筛查,再使用社会支持量表(SSRS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、简版老年抑郁量表(GDS-15)、社会隔离量表等对听力残疾患者进行调查。结果共纳入5000例研究对象,609例被确诊为听力残疾,现患率为12.18%。男性现患率略高于女性,农村现患率高于城镇(P<0.05);不同身高、体重、民族、婚姻状况、文化程度、医疗保险、人均月收入老人的现患率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同听力残疾分级患者的SSRS总分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);二级听力残疾患者SSRS总分最高;不同听力残疾分级患者在客观支持维度和主观支持维度得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同听力残疾分级患者SAS评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但GDS-15、LSNS-6评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论重庆市老年社区居民听力残疾现患率较高,听力残疾患者的社会支持不足,其焦虑抑郁状况亟待解决。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of hearing disability and the status of social support,anxiety and d epression in community residents aged≥60 years in Shapingba District of Chongqing.Methods From July 2022 to June 2023,elderly community residents aged≥60 years were selected from three communities in Shapingba District of Chongqing as the research objects.The Hearing Impairment Screening Scale(HHIE-S)and pure tone hearing threshold test were used for hearing disability screening,and then the Social Support Scale(SSRS),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Simplified Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15),and Social Isolation Scale were used to investigate patients with hearing disability.Results A total of 5000 subjects were included in the study,and 609 were diagnosed with hearing disability,with a prevalence rate of 12.18%.The prevalence rate of male was slightly higher than that of female,and the prevalence rate of rural elderly was higher than that of urban elderly(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence rate of the elderly with different height,weight,nationality,marital status,education level,medical insurance and monthly income per capita(P<0.05).There was significant difference in the total score of SSRS among patients with different hearing disability grades(P<0.05).The total score of SSRS in patients with secondary hearing disability was the highest.There were statistically significant differences in the scores of objective support dimension and subjective support dimension among patients with different hearing disability grades(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in SAS scores among patients with different hearing disability grades(P<0.05),but there were no statistically significant differences in GDS-15 and LSNS-6 scores(P>0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of hearing disability among elderly community residents in Chongqing is high,and the social support of patients with hearing disability is insufficient,so their anxiety and depression need to be solved urgently.