重读中国国际关系理论的探索与发展:一种文明互鉴的视角

Revisiting the Exploration and Growth of Chinese International Relations Theory:An Inter-civilizational Exchanges Perspective

新中国成立以来的国际关系理论发展受到战后全球文明交流交锋和多元共存的国际政治现实的推动。其中,文明互鉴既是理论研究发生发展的历史背景,也是实现理论知识整合的主要动力,更是开展理论创新的国际化面向。新中国国际关系理论在文明互鉴下的探索与发展呈现出一种动态、多元、辩证的前进趋势,主要体现为三个阶段:一是在建国初期、冷战大国文明博弈背景下同苏联、美国等国际关系理论间的文明激荡与文化交锋;二是改革开放后,在多元文明共存与和平发展的时代判断下,主动开展对国外理论知识的批判性引介,在融会中外的基础上提升本国理论自觉与意识系统化;三是21世纪后,积极推进中国国际关系理论创新,在新一轮的全球文明交流交锋中,凝聚以“中国学派”为代表的共同体意识,产生了面向国际学术界传播的理论范式成果,进一步增强了文化自信与理论自信。中共十八大以来,习近平外交思想对国际关系理论“中国学派”建设发挥着总领性、全面性的指导作用,围绕国际关系的重大理论问题提出了许多新的概念和命题,而文明互鉴则将在新时期继续为中国国际关系理论的进步与成长提供新的动力。

The development of International Relations Theory(IRT)since the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)has been the result of a confluence of factors.Inter-civilizational exchanges is both the historical background that gives rise to theoretical studies,and the major form of and drive for knowledge integration,and represents the international turn in theory building.Viewed through an inter-civilizational exchanges perspective,China’s IRT,which has evolved in a dynamic,pluralistic,and dialectical fashion,can be divided into three distinct stages.The initial stage witnessed the confrontation and exchange of IRTs between China,the Soviet Union,and the US during the early years of the PRC,against the backdrop of the great powers’geopolitical and civilizational competition during the Cold War.The second stage,which occurred after the reform and opening-up,unfolded in an era premised on the coexistence of multiple civilizations and a pursuit of peaceful development.This stage saw the emergence of China’s own theoretical self-consciousness and the systematic integration of domestic and foreign perspectives thanks to proactive efforts to critically introduce global theoretical knowledge,especially from the West.In the new round of global exchange and confrontation of civilizations after the turn of the century,the third stage has witnessed the emergence of an IR community dedicated to the“Chinese School,”working hard to promote innovation in Chinese IRT.With growing cultural and theoretical confidence,this movement has yielded paradigmatic theoretical achievements that have been disseminated within the international academic community.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,formulations on major theoretical issues in international relations in Xi Jinping’s diplomatic thought have introduced numerous novel concepts and propositions.They have played a pivotal and guiding role in constructing the“Chinese School”of IRT.In this new era,inter-civilizational exchanges will continue to offer fresh impetus for growth and progress in China’s IRT.