马克思需要理论的再阐释——对“人的需要即人的本性”观点的澄明

A Further Interpretation of Marx's Theory of Needs Clarification of the View point that"Human Needs Are Human Nature"

作为关于现实的人及其历史发展的科学,唯物史观必然内在地蕴含着丰富的关于人的需要问题的思想观点。其中的“他们的需要即他们的本性”观点和“需要异化”问题引起了广泛的关注,但是以往对“他们的需要即他们的本性”的理论内涵和“需要异化”的理论前提的理解存在一定的片面性。应当从马克思唯物史观的总体性视域出发反思“人的需要是人的本性”的本意,进而廓清“需要异化”的理论前提。在此基础上,从需要和历史活动、需要和生产、需要和劳动之间的关系中把握马克思需要理论的内涵。

The materialist view of history,as a science about the reality of human beings and their historical development,inevitably contains rich ideological views on human needs.These ideological viewpoints are widely distributed in Marx's works of various periods,among which the viewpoint that"their needs are their nature"and the issue of"alienation of needs"have attracted widespread attention and discussion.However,in the past,there was a certain one-sided understanding of"their needs are their nature",and the discussion of the theoretical premise of"alienation of needs"was not sufficient.We should reflect on the original meaning of"human needs are human nature"from the overall perspective of Marx's materialist view of history,and clarify the theoretical premise of"alienation of needs",upon which we grasp the connotation of Marx's theory of needs from the relationship between needs and historical activities,needs and production,needs and labor.