清末立宪背景下省谘议局与督抚关系探析——河南个案及相关经验

An Analysis of the Relationship between Henan Advisory Council and Henan Governor under the Background of Constitutio form in the Late Qing Dynasty

预备立宪是清末体制内政治生活的中心,在各省设立谘议局则是预备立宪的重要组成部分。受顶层制度设计、政治形势变化、巡抚人事变动诸因素影响,河南谘议局与河南巡抚的关系也不断演变。在筹备阶段,河南谘议局在巡抚衙门的组织下成立,完全是后者的一项事业。谘议局成立之初,两者关系较为和谐,巡抚居于主导地位。但在立宪背景下,代表民意的谘议局地位日渐重要。清廷顶层制度设计的自相矛盾,加上现实条件制约,双方冲突逐渐增多。武昌起义爆发后,河南谘议局开始脱离预备立宪框架,支持革命,要求共和。袁世凯担任内阁总理后,任命心腹为河南巡抚,后者与谘议局部分议员合作,共同促成河南请愿共和不独立的政治立场。

Preparatory constitutionalism was the center of political life within the late Qing Dynasty system,and the establishment of advisory council in various provinces was an important component of preparatory constitutionalism.The relationship between the Henan Advisory council and the Henan Governor has gradually evolved due to factors such as top-level institutional design,changes in political situation,and personnel changes of the Governor.In the preparatory stage.the Henan Advisory council was established under the organization of the Governor's Office,which is entirely a part of the latter's business.At the beginning of the establishment of the Advisory council,the relationship between the two was relatively harmonious,with the Governor of Henan taking the lead.But in the context of constitutionalism,the position of the advisory board representing public opinion is becoming increasingly important.The self-contradiction in the top-level system design of the central government,coupled with the constraints of practical conditions,gradually led to an increase in conflicts between the two sides.After the outbreak of the Wuchang Uprising,the Henan Advisory council began to break away from the preparatory constitutional framework set by the Qing government,support revolution,and demand republicanism.Personnel changes also affect the relationship between the two.After Yuan Shikai became the Prime Minister of the Cabinet,he appointed his confidant Qi Yaolin as the Governor of Henan.Qi.considering Yuan Shikai's interests,cooperated with some members of the Advisory council to jointly promote the political stance of Henan's petition for non-independence of the republic.