农村学校生源分布的时空演化及影响因素——人地关系地域系统下的下村学校表达

Spatio-Temporal Evolution and Influencing Factors of Student Distribution in Rural School--Xiafutou School ExpressionBased on theMan-Earth Relationship Areal System

农村学校生源分布影响着农村学校布局与农村教育发展,是优化教育资源配置和实现义务教育均衡发展的重要依据。以下伏头学校为个案,采用深度访谈和GIS空间分析的方法进行的质性研究呈现出1952-2020年农村学校生源分布时空演化的动态格局。在“人地关系地域系统”理论观照下分析其影响因素发现,农村学校生源分布在时间上波动显著,表现出1952年起步,1959年以来增长,1978年达到峰值,此后40年间逐步减少的演化过程;农村学校生源分布在空间上差异明显,总体呈现先扩大、后缩小的演化过程;教育政策导向的学校办学层次与师资力量的变化,经济结构、婚姻观念与教育观念转变,人类活动对自然环境不同程度和类型的开发和利用是农村学校生源分布时空格局演化的影响因素。研究结果表明:教育要有扎根性、生态性,与当地的人地关系相匹配;教育要有平衡性、协同性,与当地的人地关系相协调;教育要有主体性、制约性,与当地人地关系可持续发展相适应。

The distribution of students in rural schools affects the layout of rural schools and the development of rural education and is an important basis for optimizing the allocation of educational resources and achieving balanced development of compulsory education.Selecting Xiafutou School as a case study.a qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews and GIS spatial analysis methods to present the dynamic pattern of the spatiotemporal evolution of student source distribution in rural schools from 1952 to 2020.The influencing factors were analyzed under the guidance of the theory of"man-earth relationship areal system",Research has found that the distribution of students in rural schools fluctuates significantly over time,showing an evolutionary process of starting in 1952,increasing since 1959,reaching its peak in 1978,and gradually decreasing over the next 40 years;The distribution of students in rural schools has significant spatial differences,showing an overall evolutionary process of first expanding and then shrinking;The changes in the level of education and the strength of teaching staff guided by fSeveducational policies,the transformation of economic structure,marriage concepts,and educational concepts,as well as the varying degrees and types of development and utilization of natural environment by human activities,are the influencing factors of the spatiotemporal pattern evolution of student distribution in rural schools.This study suggests that education should be grounded and ecological,and match the local man-earth relationship;Education should be balanced and coordinated with the local man-earth relationship;Education should be subject and restrictive,and adapt to the sustainable development of local manearth relationship.