基础设施一体化与企业出口“提质增量”:以高铁开通为例

Infrastructure Integration and Enterprise Export "Quality Improvement and Increment" :Take the Opening of High-speed Rail as an Example

党的二十大报告强调,“增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性,提升国际循环质量和水平”。在当前国内国际环境发生深刻变化背景下,实现出口“提质增量”无疑是提升国际循环质量和水平的题中应有之义,而加快推动基础设施一体化建设,显然是畅通国内大循环的重要环节。文章以理论分析为先导,进一步利用城市层面数据、工业企业数据库和中国海关数据库合并所得的制造业企业层面微观数据,实证分析发现:第一,以高铁开通为表征的基础设施一体化,有助于推动企业出口实现“提质增量”的双重目标;第二,基础设施一体化对不同发展水平、不同规模城市的企业出口“提质增量”起到的作用存在差异;第三,基础设施一体化对企业出口“提质增量”作用的同群效应不仅受到同群城市中企业的平均出口水平的影响,也会受到同群城市中发展较好“榜样”企业的积极影响;第四,基础设施一体化促进企业出口“提质增量”,主要通过提升创新水平、促进劳动力及其流动以及降低市场分割程度等发挥作用。文章的研究发现不仅对基础设施一体化促进企业出口“提质增量”提供了理论阐释与经验证据,而且在新阶段对于如何通过夯实国内大循环基础以提升国际循环质量和水平也有重要政策含义。

The report of the20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that " we should strengthen the internal power and reliability of the domestic great cycle and improve the quality and level of the international cycle." In the context of profound changes in the domestic and international environment, achieving " higher quality and higher quantity" of exports is undoubtedly an essential part of improving the quality and level of the international circulation, and accelerating the construction of basic implementation integration is obviously an important link in unhindered domestic circulation. Guided by the theoretical analysis, the empirical analysis of the microscopic data of manufacturing enterprise level obtained from the combination of city-level data, industrial enterprise database and China Customs database shows that, firstly, the infrastructure integration represented by the opening of high-speed rail is helpful to promote the enterprise export to achieve the dual goal of " quality improvement and increment". Secondly, the effect of infrastructure integration on export " quality enhancement" of enterprises in cities of different development levels and sizes is heterogeneous. Thirdly, the " quality improvement and increment" effect of infrastructure integration on the export of enterprises is not only affected by the average export level of enterprises in the same cities, but also by the positive influence of well-developed " role model" enterprises in the same cities. Fourthly, infrastructure integration promotes the " quality improvement and increment" of enterprises′ exports. From the perspective of specific mechanism, it mainly plays a role by improving the level of innovation, promoting labor force and its flow, and reducing the degree of market segmentation. The findings of this paper not only provide theoretical explanation and empirical evidence for the promoting effect of infrastructure integration on the " quality improvement and increment" of enterprise exports, but also have important policy implications for how to improve the quality and level of international circulation by consolidating the foundation of domestic large circulation in the new stage.