马克思主义关于“历史向世界历史转变”的历史逻辑和认识路径——以人类历史的确定性为视角

The Historical Logic and Understanding Path of Marxism on the“Transition from History to World History”--From the Perspective of the Determinacy of Human History

经典作家提出“历史向世界历史转变”的论断,将人类历史进入“世界历史”时期与无产阶级和共产主义联系在一起进行考察,指出了人类走向共产主义的必然性。马克思和恩格斯所言的“人类历史”就是“历史”和“世界历史”统合。以经典作家关于“人类历史”的论断为出发点,论证了人类历史一个最突出的特性就是它的确定性。这表现为,人类历史呈现出已经完成的、已经发生的、不可更改的、已被“硬化”的所有一切。人类历史是人类既往全部活动的总和,这就是人类历史的原本之态。人类历史的确定性给人类历史研究者提供了研究尺度和规范。人类历史具有完整的时空结构。“西方中心论”“拉长”西方历史和挤占历史“空间”,这是对人类历史时空架构的有意识的扭曲和系统性的人为构造。中国世界史研究者需要运用历史唯物主义分析和回答人类面对的迫切问题。

Marxist authors of classics put forward the proposition of"the transition from history to world history"to examine the connection between human history entering the era of“world history”and the proletariat and communism,pointing out the inevitability of human society moving towards communism.The concept of“human history”in the works of Marx and Engels means exactly the integration of“history”and“world history”,Starting from the classical authors'assertion about“human history”,this paper argues that one of the most prominent characteristics of human history is its determinacy.That is to say,human history presents everything that has ended,happened,and that is unchangeable and“hardened”.Human history is the sum of all the past activities.This is the original state of human history.The determinacy of human history provides researchers with scales and norms.Since human history has a complete spatial-temporal structure,the“Western-centrism”elongates Western history and occupies historical“space”more than it is,which is a conscious distortion and systematically artificial construction of the spatial-temporal structure of human history.In this case,world history researchers in China need to make use of historical materialism in order to analyze and answer urgent issues faced by humanity.