户外活动对武汉城区学龄前儿童心理行为的影响分析

Analysis of the impact of outdoor activities on the psychological behavior of preschool children in urban areas of Wuhan

目的调查武汉市城区6所幼儿园4~5岁学龄前儿童户外活动情况以及户外活动低水平对儿童心理行为造成的影响。方法以武汉市汉阳区6所幼儿园986名4至5岁儿童为研究对象,对儿童家长采用儿童行为量表(Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL)评估儿童行为问题,同时调查了儿童一般情况及户外活动情况。根据户外活动时间,将所有儿童分为户外活动低水平组及正常组。结果共有456名儿童(46.2%)符合户外活动低水平组,女童户外低水平比率高于男童。不论男童还是女童,其户外活动低水平组的儿童CBCL总分、因子分中的社交退缩分以及抑郁分均高于正常组(P<0.05),另外,通过设定CBCL总分阈值(≥65),二元逻辑回归模型表明户外低水平儿童更容易出现心理行为异常(比值比,odds ratio,OR=1.403,P<0.05)。结论户外活动低水平与儿童社交退缩及抑郁相关更容易引起儿童心理行为异常,应当引起家庭及教育工作者重视。

Objective To investigate the outdoor activity status of 4-5-year-old preschool children in five kin-dergartens in urban areas of Wuhan and the impact of low-level outdoor activities on children's psychological behavior.Methods A 9864-5-year-old children from five kindergartens in Hanyang District of Wuhan were selected as the research objects.The children's parents were evaluated for children's behavioral problems using the Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL),and the children's general situation and outdoor activity status were investigated.According to the outdoor activity time,all children were divided into low-level and normal outdoor activity groups.Results A total of 456 children(46.2%)met the criteria for the low-level outdoor activity group,and the proportion of girls in the low-level outdoor activity group was higher than that of boys.Regardless of gender,the CBCL total score and the social withdrawal and depression factors in the low-level outdoor activity group were higher than those in the normal group(P<0.05).In addition,by setting the CBCL total score threshold(≥65),the binary logistic regression model showed that children with low-level outdoor activity were more likely to have abnormal psychological behavior odds ratio(OR)=1.403,P<0.05.Conclusion Low-level outdoor activities are related to children's social withdrawal and depression,and are more likely to cause abnormal psychological behavior in children,which should be taken seriously by families and educators.