海洛因依赖者基于社区的社会心理干预康复模式探究

Community-based psychosocial intervention recovery program for heroin dependent patients

目的社区戒毒康复工作存在诸多挑战,如康复群体缺乏主动性,对康复者的监控能力薄弱,约束作用有限等,亟需建立立足社区的社会心理干预康复模式。方法本研究选取厦门市六个社区共121名海洛因依赖的戒毒康复者进行个体、团体及社区层面的心理干预,在基线、干预12月、24月后分别进行症状自评量表(Symptom Check List,SCL-90)、成瘾指数量表(Addiction Severity Index,ASI)的量表测评,复吸率、就业率及犯罪率的评估。结果12月及24月后随访发现,康复者SCL-90各维度评分均得到显著提高(P<0.05),ASI因子如躯体健康、精神健康、酒精使用、违法犯罪、家庭关系均较基线情况显著改善(P<0.05),康复者尿检阳性率、犯罪率较基线显著下降,就业率显著上升。结论本研究立足当地社区现状和需求,采用了社会心理康复模式的干预,促进了康复者精神心理和社会功能等多维度的康复,显著提高了就业率,降低了复吸率和犯罪率,具一定推广意义。

Objective There are many challenges in community drug rehabilitation,such as lacking initiative,weak monitoring capacity,and limited oversight.It is urgent to establish a community-based psychosocial intervention rehabilitation model.Methods Total of 121 heroin dependent patients from six communities in Xiamen were selected for psychological intervention on individual,group and community levels.Symptom Check List(SCL-90),Addic-tion Severity Index(ASI),relapse rate,employment rate and crime rate were evaluated at baseline,12 months and 24 months after intervention.Results Follow-up of 12 months and 24 months showed that data in all dimensions of SCL-90 were significantly improved(P<0.05),ASI factors such as physical health,mental health,alcohol use,delinquency and family relationship were significantly improved compared with the baseline(P<0.05),the posi-tive rate of urine test and crime rate were significantly decreased,and the employment rate was significantly increased.Conclusion Based on the current situation and need of the local community,this study adopted the intervention of social psychological multi-dimensional rehabilitation model,which promoted mental,psychological and social func-tion of heroin dependent patients,significantly increased the employment rate and reduced the relapse rate and crime rate,which has certain popularization significance.