国家图书馆藏《察哈尔八旗地图》初步考释

A Preliminary Study of the Chakhar Eight Banners’Map Collected by the National Library of China

国家图书馆所藏《察哈尔八旗地图》一函九幅,较为详细地反映了晚清察哈尔都统辖区的政治地理状况。本文根据朱批奏折及军机处录副等档案文献,推测该地图集的绘制时间为光绪二年十月至四年四月之间。此外,从牛录边界、官私牧厂、台站卡伦、寺庙鄂博、农耕村落、张家口等地理信息的注记评价该地图集之史料价值。在综合各种文献信息后,考察清廷对长城地带,尤其是对口外地区治理方面的战略地位问题。

The Chakhar Eight Banners’Map with nine drawings folded in one envelope collected by the National Library of China reflects the political geography of the Chakhar region in the late Qing period.Mainly based on archives of Vermillion Endorsed Memorial and Grand Council archives this article estimates that the atlas was drawn between the tenth month of second year of the Guangxu reign(1876)and the fourth month of the fourth year of the Guangxu reign(1878).The author evaluates the historical value of the atlas from the annotations of geographical information regarding the Niulu boundary,imperial and private pastures,Kalun station,Obo temple,farming villages,and Zhangjiakou.After synthesizing various literary information,this article examines the strategic position of the Qing court in the governance of the Great Wall area,especially in areas outside the passes.