基于跨理论模型构建结直肠癌化疗患者饮食干预策略的应用研究

Application Study on Dietary Intervention Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Patients Based on Cross Theoretical Models

目的:探讨基于跨理论模型构建结直肠癌化疗患者饮食干预策略的应用效果。方法:选择武汉市蔡甸区人民医院2021年1月—2022年10月收治的86例结直肠癌化疗患者进行前瞻性随机对照研究,通过随机数字表法将86例患者分为观察组与对照组,各43例。在化疗期间给予对照组患者常规饮食干预,给予观察组患者基于跨理论模型构建的饮食干预策略,两组均连续干预3个月。对比干预前、干预3个月后两组主观整体营养评估量表(PG-SGA)、预后营养指数(PNI)、健康行为能力自评量表(SRAHP)评分;观察两组化疗期间不良反应(恶心呕吐、慢性贫血、肝肾损伤、骨髓抑制、神经损害)发生情况。结果:干预后,观察组PG-SGA评分情况显著优于对照组;PNI水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后两组SRAHP评分均显著上升,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组恶心呕吐、慢性贫血发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组其余不良反应发生率对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:基于跨理论模型构建的饮食干预策略可有效提高结直肠癌化疗患者的营养水平和自我管理能力,且可有效减少化疗期间恶心呕吐、慢性贫血发生率,应用效果较好。

Objective:To explore the application effect of dietary intervention strategy for colorectal cancer chemotherapy patients based on the cross theoretical model.Method:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted on 86 patients with colorectal cancer chemotherapy admitted to Caidian District People's Hospital of Wuhan from January 2021 to October 2022.86 patients were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 43 cases in each group.During chemotherapy,patients in the control group were given routine dietary intervention,and patients in the observation group were given dietary intervention strategies based on cross theoretical models.Both groups were continuously intervened for 3 months.Patient-generated subjective global assessment(PG-SGA),prognostic nutrition index(PNI)and self-rating health behavior ability scale(SRAHP)were compared between the two groups before and after 3 months of intervention.The incidence of adverse reactions(nausea and vomiting,chronic anemia,liver and kidney injury,bone marrow suppression,nerve damage)during chemotherapy was observed in the two groups.Result:After intervention,the PG-SGA score in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group,the PNI level was higher than that of the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).After intervention,the SRAHP scores of both groups significantly increased,and that of the observation group was higher than that of the control group,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).The incidences of nausea,vomiting,and chronic anemia in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,with statistical significant differences(P<0.05).There were no statistical significant differences in the incidences of other adverse reactions(P>0.05).Conclusion:The dietary intervention strategy based on the cross theoretical models can effectively improve the nutritional level and self-management ability of patients with colorectal cancer chemotherapy,and can effectively reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting and chronic anemia during chemotherapy.The application effect is good.