地方政府自然灾害应急管理:问题、国际比较与优化路径——以河北涿州暴雨灾害为例

Emergency management of natural disasters by local governments:Problems,international comparison and optimization paths:Taking Zhuozhou heavy rainstorm disaster in Hebei as an example

在自然灾害频发的背景下,地方政府应急管理能力的提升不仅是化解自然灾害危机的基础,更是确保人民的生命和财产安全的根本保障。文章选取“河北涿州暴雨灾害”进行个案研究,通过复盘“河北涿州暴雨灾害”,围绕“灾前”“灾中”“灾后”方面进行盘点、评估,分析并总结地方政府在自然灾害应急管理过程中存在的不足之处;同时,分析日本、英国的自然灾害应急管理经验,关注其在应急体系、灾害预防、社会参与和灾后恢复等方面的做法,旨在为地方政府提高自然灾害应急管理能力提供有益的启示。

In the background of frequent occurrence of natural disasters,improving the ability of local governments to cope with natural disasters is an important aspect of perfecting the government's governance capacity,and an important foundation for safeguarding the lives and properties of people's groups.This paper selects"Hebei Zhuozhou Rainstorm Disaster"to conduct a case study,through reviewing"Hebei Zhuozhou Rainstorm Disaster",taking stock and evaluating the aspects of"before,during and after the disaster",analyzing and summarizing the problems of local governments in the process of natural disaster emergency management,and analyzing and summarizing the problems of local governments in the process of natural disaster emergency management.It analyzes and summarizes the deficiencies of local governments in the process of natural disaster emergency management,and compares and analyzes the cases of Japan and Britain on natural disaster emergency management in terms of emergency response system,disaster prevention,social participation,and disaster recovery,with a view to improving the local government's capacity of natural disaster emergency management,and improving the modernization of local government's emergency management system to provide references.