煤矿矿区普适性拓展型固体改性充填采煤技术与装备

General-purpose expasion type solid modlfication backfilling mining technology and equipment for coal mines

从我国煤炭行业绿色发展趋势和要求出发,分析了煤炭企业对不同充填开采方式选择的考量因素,以及影响充填开采技术推广的制约因素,针对不同矿区地域分布特征和充填需求差异性,划分了煤矿充填开采“保护生态环境优先、保护地面建筑优先、处理煤矸固废优先、提高经济效益优先”4类优先原则,提出了“以充填开采作为煤矿保护生态环境的调节工具,建设全过程全息立体生态矿山”的生态开采目标。依据充填开采顶板限定变形力学模型,阐述了影响充填开采目标岩层下沉量的构成因素,构建了生态环境保护、地面建筑保护、矸石固废处置3种充填工程模式下的工作面支护强度计算及覆岩变形控制方程。介绍了我国煤矿普适性充填采煤技术发展现状及发展方向,涵盖散状原矸固体充填、类贫混凝改性充填、矸石混凝土充填、薄煤层充填、区域性保护充填、巷道充填、选充留协同等适应各类煤矿需求的充填采煤技术,详细描述了不同充填技术的材料制备、运输、充填工艺特点及适应性充填装备。为实现煤矿充填智能化,建立了全面的数据感知系统,通过空间规划及充填效果判定来实现从单元到整体充填工作面的智能化过程,结合传感器网络和人工智能算法,实时监测和控制煤矿固体充填过程,提高充填质量和充填效率。煤矿充填开采在我国绿色矿山建设的远景规划中将扮演更加重要的角色,加强基于主动充填的煤矿生产全过程生态矿山建设、普适性充填技术工艺体系构建、新型固体充填材料研制、智能化充填开采研发等4个方向的科技攻关,我国煤矿充填开采会有极为广阔的发展前景。

Based on the green development trend and requirements of China’s coal industry,this paper analyzed the factors that coal mines consider in choosing filling mining methods and the constraints that affect the promotion of filling mining technology.According to the geographical distribution characteristics of different mining areas and the differences in filling demands,four types of priority principles of“protecting the ecological environment,protecting surface buildings,addressing coal gangue and solid waste,and improving economic efficiency”for coal mine filling mining were defined.The ecological mining goal of“building the whole process holographic intelligent ecological mine by adopting filling mining as a regulation tool to protect the ecological environment in coal mines”was put forward.Based on the finite deformation mechanical model of the roof in filling mining,the factors affecting the subsidence of target rocks in filling mining were expounded,and the supporting strength calculation and overburden deformation control equations under three filling engineering modes such as ecological environment protection,ground building protection and gangue treatment were established.In addition,the paper introduced the development status and direction of universal filling technology in coal mines in China,including solid filling of raw gangue waste,modified solid filling,gangue concrete filling,integrated mining-filling-charging,large amount of gangue filling,filling method in thin coal seam,filling method for regional protection,filling method in continuous mining roadway and other filling technologies that meet various needs of coal mines.The material preparation and transportation of different filling technologies,the characteristics of filling process and the adaptive filling equipment were described in detail.In order to realize the intelligent filling of coal mines,a comprehensive data perception system was established,which realized the intelligent process from unit to whole filling working face through spatial planning and filling effect judgment.The sensor network and artificial intelligence algorithm were combined to monitor and control the solid filling process of coal mine in real time,and improve the filling quality and filling efficiency.Coal mine filling mining will play a more important role in the long-term planning of China’s green mine construction.Strengthening the scientific and technological research of the whole process of coal mine production based on active filling,the construction of universal filling technology and process system,the development of new solid filling materials,and the research of intelligent filling mining,will help the filling mining technologies in China’s coal mines have a very broad prospect.