8A编组地铁车站公共区火灾排烟模拟分析

Simulation Analysis of Fire Smoke Exhaust in Public Areas of 8A Formation Subway Stations

采用消防火灾烟气模拟软件FDS对8A编组地铁车站站厅公共区及站台公共区不同区域火灾进行了模拟计算分析,分别研究了在标准排烟量工况及1.2倍标准排烟量工况下不同区域的烟气高度。结果表明:标准排烟量时6 min内公共区烟气高度基本上满足人员疏散的要求;站台层端部区域及站厅层烟气高度满足相关规范规定的清晰高度要求;站台层1/4区域烟气平均高度稍低于规范规定的清晰高度。但站厅层公共区火灾时挡烟垂壁不能完全限制烟气的蔓延,需要考虑烟气蔓延至相邻防烟分区的排烟工况。站台层火灾时人员疏散的时间建议控制在140 s以内,初期可以利用4部楼扶梯进行疏散,后期尽量组织人员由端部两部楼扶梯进行疏散。

The fire dynamics simulator(FDS)is used to simulate and analyze fires in different areas of the hall public area and platform public area of the 8A formation subway station,and smoke height in different areas with the conditions under standard smoke exhaust volume conditions and 1.2 times the standard smoke exhaust volume conditions are studied respectively.The results show that:the smoke height in the public area within six minutes at the standard smoke exhaust volume basically meets the requirements for personnel evacuation;the smoke height in the end area of the platform layer and the station hall layer meets the clear height requirements stipulated in the relevant specifications;the average height of smoke in the 1/4 area in platform layer is slightly lower than the clear height stipulated in the specification.However,in the event of a fire in the public area of the station hall floor,the smoke barrier wall cannot completely limit the spread of smoke,and the smoke exhaust conditions need to be considered when smoke spreads to adjacent smoke prevention areas.In the event of a fire on the platform level,it is recommended that the evacuation time be controlled within 140 s.In the early stage,four stair escalators can be used for evacuation,while in the later stage,people should be organized to evacuate through the two end stair escalators.