我国职业足球俱乐部的治理机制、困境审视和变革进路

Governance Mechanism,Dilemma Review and Reform Approach of Professional Football Clubs in China

《中国足球改革发展总体方案》发布后,提出了“三步走”战略,针对俱乐部的股权以及人才结构做出了部署,旨在引导我国职业足球俱乐部形成健康可持续式的发展模式。然而,自方案发布以来,已有近数十支职业足球俱乐部解散。审视我国职业足球俱乐部发展困境,发现中国足协行政化的管理倾向与俱乐部发展规律相违背,目的不纯的投资者将俱乐部纳为自身商业扩张的利器,“金元足球”的出现让“短期行为”频发导致俱乐部的运营难以维持。通过借鉴国外职业足球俱乐部成熟运营模式,发现职能明晰的治理体系、健全完备的规章制度、多元的股权结构和健康的财政收支对俱乐部以及联赛的长久发展有着重要的作用。总结国外经验并结合我国足球环境提出转变管理倾向,构筑职能明晰的治理格局;健全规章制度,严格把控俱乐部财政健康;合理调整俱乐部股权结构,确守持续发展理念等变革进路。

After the release of the Overall Plan for the Reform and Development of Chinese Football,a three-step strategy was proposed,and a deployment was made for the club's equity and talent structure,aiming to guide China's professional football clubs to form a healthy and sustainable development model.However,since the release of the program,nearly dozens of professional football clubs have been disbanded.By examining the development dilemma of professional football clubs in China,it is found that the administrative management tendency of the Chinese Football Association is contrary to the law of club development.Investors with impure purposes take the club as a weapon for their own commercial expansion.The emergence of Jinyuan Football makes the frequent occurrence of short-term behavior difficult to maintain the operation of the club.By referring to the mature operation mode of foreign professional football clubs,it is found that the clear governance system,sound and complete rules and regulations,diversified ownership structure and healthy financial revenue and expenditure play an important role in the long-term development of clubs and leagues.Summarizing foreign experience and combining with China's football environment,it proposes to change the management tendency and build a governance pattern with clear functions,improve the rules and regulations,strictly control the financial health of the club,and reasonable adjustment of the club ownership structure and adhere to the concept of sustainable development and other changes.