铁路运输牵引动力技术发展现状及未来趋势展望

State of the art and Future Trend of Railway Transportation Traction Power

以交通运输的类型作为论文切入点,介绍了铁路运输系统的组成,由此对铁路运输牵引动力类型及其技术特点进行了详尽阐述。我国铁路运输牵引动力主要由蒸汽机车、内燃机车及电力机车等几类组成。电力牵引由于技术优势限制,目前在国内得到了长足发展,已充分实现了铁路电气化,干线运输基本均由电力机车牵引。但内燃机车作为一类技术成熟的自给式机车,在现阶段依然具有一定的应用前景,其受天候、自然灾害及战争破坏的影响较小,因此在调车作业及铁路救灾抢险中起着重要作用。考虑到石油资源的日渐枯竭,采用代用燃料,以及开发燃气轮机车、燃料电池机车及混合动力机车等新型自给式机车势在必行。

Taking the types of transportation as the starting point of the paper,the composition of the railway transportation system was introduced,and the types and technical characteristics of railway traction power were elaborated in detail.The traction power of railway transportation in China is mainly composed of Steam locomotive,Diesel locomotive and Electric locomotive.Due to the limitation of technical advantages,electric traction has been greatly developed in China,and railway electrification has been fully realized.The trunk line transportation is basically driven by Electric locomotive.However,as a kind of self-sufficient locomotive with mature technology,Diesel locomotive still has certain application prospects at this stage.It is less affected by weather,natural disasters and war damage,so it plays an important role in shunting operations and railway disaster relief.Considering the increasing depletion of petroleum resources,it is imperative to adopt alternative fuels and develop new self-sufficient locomotives such as gas turbine locomotives,fuel cell locomotives,and hybrid electric locomotives.