基于“三维”模型的城市房屋坍塌重大安全事故应急治理研究——以泉州欣佳酒店“3·7”坍塌事故为例

Research on Emergency Management of Urban Building Collapse Based on Three-dimensions Analysis Model——Taking March 7th Collapse Accident of Xinjia Hotel in Quanzhou as an Example

近年我国房屋坍塌安全事故多发频发重发。2020年3月福建泉州市作为疫情防控期间集中医学观察点的欣佳酒店发生坍塌事故,该事故进一步将人们的视线引向房屋坍塌事故防范与应急管理。本文运用突发公共事件“三维”:情景维度、事件维度、管理维度案例结构化表达模型框架对该事故梳理分析,发现欣佳酒店坍塌事故是由于房屋业主违法违规建设改造经营、第三方技术服务机构违规检测、地方政府职责落实不到位等的多主体、跨部门、全流程的系统问题所导致的重大责任事故。基于此,对应急治理改善提出针对性建议:健全落实房屋安全管理法规、完善房屋定期普查制度、及时开展危险房屋改造工作、打造智慧房屋安全管理系统、加强专业人才队伍建设、深化第三方房屋检测机构合作、强化群众安全宣传教育等,以切实提升应急治理能力,实现城市安全发展。

In recent years,the safety management accidents of building collapse occur frequently and repeatedly in our country.In March 2020,the collapse of Xinjia Hotel in Quanzhou City,Fujian Province,as a quarantine medical observation point during the epidemic prevention and control period,further drew people’s attention to the prevention and emergency management of house collapse accidents.This thesis analyzes the accident by using the case structured expression model framework of“three dimensions”of public emergencies:scenario dimension,event dimension and management dimension.It was found that the collapse accident of Xinjia Hotel was a major liability accident caused by the systematic problems of the whole process of multi-subject,such as illegal construction and operation of house owners,illegal detection of third-party technical service agencies,and inadequate implementation of local government responsibilities.Based on this,some suggestions are put forward to improve the risk prevention and emergency management of housing collapse accidents,such as perfecting the laws and regulations of housing safety management,perfecting the regular housing census system,carrying out the transformation of hazardous houses in time,building the intelligent housing safety management system,strengthening professional talents pool,deepening the cooperation of third-party housing inspection institutions,and strengthening the publicity and education of mass safety in order to realize urban safe development.