“活态遗产”管理中的问题及其启示——来自吴哥窟的个案分析

Issues in the Management of"Living Heritage"and Its Enlightenment:A Case Study from Angkor Wat

近年来,“活态遗产”的理念将社区参与、社区赋权等概念引入遗产保护与管理的方式中,给遗产的可持续性发展提供了新思路。文章以柬埔寨吴哥窟为研究对象,深入梳理吴哥窟活态遗产的范式转变,探讨吴哥窟保持活态遗产的鲜活性与社区生活维度的整体性之间的意义。本研究通过对吴哥窟遗产管理框架、管理项目,以及“居民迁徙”的个案分析,分析和评估吴哥窟活态遗产中存在的问题,并引申出对我国非物质文化遗产管理的启示。结论显示,柬埔寨当局过分注重遗产地原真性的保护,导致吴哥窟的活态遗产管理在“以人为本”的做法上存在缺陷。因此,遗产地保护需要真正将当地居民的健康和福祉考虑其中,才能可持续地传承至下一代。

In recent years,the concept of"living heritage"has introduced the concepts of community participation and community empowerment into the approach of heritage conservation and management,providing new ideas for the sustainable development of heritage.Taking Angkor Wat in Cambodia as the object of study,this article examines the paradigm shift of Angkor Wat's living heritage,and explores the significance of Angkor Wat's maintaining the freshness of its living heritage and the wholeness of the community's life dimension.This study analyzes and evaluates the problems in the living heritage of Angkor Wat through a case study of the Angkor Wat heritage management framework,the management program,and the"migration of residents,"and draws implications for the management of intangible cultural heritage in China.The conclusions show that the Cambodian authorities'over-emphasis on the preservation of the authenticity of the site has led to deficiencies in the"people-centered"approach to the management of the living heritage at Angkor Wat.Therefore,the conservation of heritage sites needs to genuinely take into account the health and well-being of the local population in order to be sustainably passed on to the next generation.