基于气相色谱-质谱联用结合多元统计分析不同炮制方法对砂仁挥发性成分的影响

Effects of Different Processing Methods on the Volatile Components of Amomi Fructus Based on GC-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis

目的分析炒制、姜炙、盐炙不同炮制方法对砂仁挥发性成分的影响。方法本实验采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)基于多元统计分析对砂仁不同炮制品的挥发性成分进行检测分析,经OPLS-DA分析后,以VIP>1.5和P<0.05为条件筛选差异成分,利用NIST 11谱库检索定性。结果鉴定出49种差异成分,其中只在种子团中发生变化的成分有14种,在果皮中发生变化的成分有22种。砂仁经炮制后能够显著降低种子团中樟脑含量,而炒制则显著增加果皮中乙酸龙脑酯含量,盐炙处理对砂仁中烷烃类成分影响较大,姜炙处理并非仅增加生姜中挥发性成分,体现了炮制机制的复杂性。结论尽管目前并不清楚具体炮制机制,但实验结果为砂仁炮制“减毒增效”作用提供了理论数据,反映出炮制的科学性,从而丰富了砂仁的炮制理论,为深入研究砂仁不同炮制品活性提供了借鉴。

Objective To analyze the influence of different processing methods,including frying,ginger frying,and salt frying,on the volatile components of A.fructus.Methods The volatile components in different processed products of A.fructus were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)based on multivariate statistical analysis.After OPLS-DA analysis,the different components were screened under the conditions of VIP>1.5 and P<0.05 and were qualitatively searched using the NIST 11 spectral library.Results A total of 49 different components were identified,with 14 components only changing in the seed mass and 22 components changing in the peel.The content of camphor could be significantly reduced in the seed mass after A.fructus was processed and the content of bornyl acetate significantly increased in the peel of frying A.fructus.Salt frying had a great influence on the alkanes in A.fructus,and ginger processing did not only increase the volatile components in ginger,which reflected the complexity of the processing mechanism.Conclusion At present,the specific processing mechanism is not clear,but the experimental results provide theoretical data for the"detoxification and efficiency enhancement"effect of A.fructus processing,reflecting the scientific nature of the processing,enriching the processing theory of A.fructus,and providing a reference for further in-depth research on the activity of different processed products of A.fructus.