市售叶菜蔬菜镉、铅污染特征分析——以惠州市惠城区为例

Characteristics of Cadmium and Lead Pollution of Some Leafy Vegetables Sold in the Markets:Taking Huicheng District of Huizhou as an example

为了弄清市售叶菜蔬菜的镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)污染情况,对惠州市惠城区8个农贸市场16种384个叶菜蔬菜样品的镉和铅污染情况进行调查分析,结果表明:重金属镉在不同种叶菜中的含量差异较大,所调查的叶菜中,香菜镉含量范围最大,最小的是大白菜.按照农产品国家标准《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》蔬菜类污染物限量要求(GB2762-2017,以下简称GB2),香菜和菠菜12个样品镉含量超标,镉超标率为3.13%香菜、芥兰、菠菜、大蒜、花菜、西兰花、韭菜有25个样品铅含量超标,铅超标率为6.51%.但按照国家标准《农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜要求》(GB18406.1-2001,以下简称GB1),叶菜蔬菜镉含量超标率为15.10%,铅含量超标率为13.54%.所以,惠城区这次调查的叶菜蔬菜样品有大白菜等9个种类的综合污染指数为安全级别(按GB2标准),食用是相对安全的,但是芥兰等7个种类的综合污染指数为警戒级别和轻度污染级别,食用是有一定潜在安全风险或安全风险的,因此应加强市场和产地的监管.

In order to clarify the cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)pollution of leafy vegetables in the market,the cadmium and lead content of 384 samples of 16 different types of leafy vegetables from 8 markets in the Huicheng District of Huizhou City were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the content of cadmium in different species of leaf vegetables was largely different.Of all the leafy vegetables studied,cilantro exhibited the widest range of cadmium content,while Chinese cabbage showed the smallest range.According to the national standard in the Limit of Pollutants in Food under the National Standard for Food Safety for agricultural products of vegetables(GB2762-2017,China,hereinafter referred to as GB2),12 samples of cilantro and spinach exceeded the standard for cadmium content,with an exceedance rate of 3.13%.Additionally,the lead content of 25 samples of cilantro,Chinese broccoli,spinach,garlic,cauliflower,broccoli,and leek surpassed the standard,with an exceedance rate of 6.51%.However,based on the requirements of the national standard for the Safety Qualification for Agricultural Products-Safety Requirements for Non-Environmentally Polluted Vegetables(GB18406.1-2001,hereinafter referred to as GB1),the cadmium content of leafy vegetables exceeded the standard at a rate of 15.10%,and the lead content exceeded the standard at a rate of 13.54%.Consequently,the comprehensive pollution index classified 9 types of leafy vegetables in the Huicheng District,including Chinese cabbage,as meeting safety levels(according to GB2 standard),making them relatively safe to eat.However,the comprehensive pollution index of 7 types of Chinese broccoli was classified as being at a warning level with mild pollution,indicating a certain potential safety risk.Therefore,the supervision of markets and origins should be strengthened.