健康体检人群肺结节患病特征及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the characteristics and influencing factors of pulmonary nodules in health examination population

目的 分析健康体检人群肺结节的患病特征及其影响因素。方法 回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年6月在河南省洛阳正骨医院健康管理中心体检行肺部低剂量CT的受检者的一般资料。收集体检者一般资料、检前问卷及肺CT结果。分析肺结节的检出情况及特征,将是否有肺结节分为肺结节组与无肺结节组,分析比较两组的一般情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析发生肺结节的影响因素。结果 1386例体检者中,检出肺结节580例(41.85%),男性386例(66.55%),女性194例(33.45%),微小结节384例(27.71%),实性结节428例(30.88%),多发结节367例(26.48%)。男性肺结节检出率高于女性(P<0.05),女性肺结节检出率随年龄增长而升高(P<0.001);两组间年龄、性别、呼吸道症状、吸烟、厨房油烟暴露的分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄大、有呼吸道症状、吸烟、厨房油烟暴露是肺结节发生的危险因素,经常锻炼可降低肺结节发生的风险。结论 健康体检人群肺结节检出率高,年龄、有呼吸道症状、吸烟、厨房油烟暴露是健康体检人群发生肺结节的独立危险因素,经常锻炼可以降低肺结节的发生,可为进一步治未病研究提供参考。

Objective To analyze the prevalence characteristics and influencing factors of pulmonary nodules in the health examination population.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the general data of patients who underwent low-dose lung CT examinations at the Health Management Center of Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital in Henan Province from January 2022 to June 2023.Their general information,pre-examination questionnaires,and lung CT results were collected.The detection status and characteristics of pulmonary nodules were analyzed,and then they were divide into two groups based on whether they were complicated with pulmonary nodules or not.Their general situation was analyzed and compared between the two groups.It used multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the influencing factors of the occurrence of pulmonary nodules.Results Among the 1386 physical examination subjects,580 cases(41.85%) were found to have pulmonary nodules,including 386 males(66.55%) and 194 females(33.45%).There were 384 mini nodules(27.71%),428 solid nodules(30.88%),and 367 multiple nodules(26.48%).The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in males was higher than that in females(P<0.05),while the detection rate of pulmonary nodules in females increased with age(P<0.001).There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of age,gender,respiratory symptoms,smoking,and exposure to kitchen fumes between the two groups(P<0.05).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that older,respiratory symptoms,smoking,and kitchen fume exposure were independent risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary nodules.Regular exercise was a protective factor that could reduce the risk of pulmonary nodules.Conclusion The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in the health examination population is high.Age,respiratory symptoms,smoking,and exposure to kitchen fumes are independent risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary nodules in the health examination population.Regular exercise can reduce the incidence of pulmonary nodules,and this can provide reference for further research on disease prevention and treatment.