行政处罚决定的公开边界研究——以“比例原则”为分析视角

Study on the Open Boundary of Administrative Punishment Decision--from the Perspective of Proportion Principle

2021年修订的《行政处罚法》新增“具有一定社会影响的行政处罚决定应当依法公开”的规定,餍足了社会公众对行政执法信息的知情权,然,行政处罚决定涵盖的否定性评价关涉违法相对人的个人信息与隐私,在大数据时代,一旦不当公开,势必会给其造成难以修复的损害。面对这一张力,传统的权利位阶理论与公共利益优先原则,举张公众知情权地位至高、行政处罚决定应以公开为原则,与《行政处罚法》对行政处罚决定公开所持的审慎立场背离;而采更为全面的比例原则,根据个案行政处罚决定公开的目的判定应公开的方式,在诸多公开方式中选取对违法相对人侵害最小的一种,确保公开方式与公开目的均衡,有助于平衡上述张力。

According to the Administrative Penalty Law revised in 2021 administrative penalty decision that has a certain social influence shall be disclosed to the public,which fulfill the public’s right to know of administrative law enforcement information.However,negative evaluation includes illegal administrative punishment decision related to people’s personal information and privacy,the improper disclosure of which,in the era of big data,is bound to cause irreparable damage.In the face of this tension,the traditional theory of power rank and the principle of public interest in the first place propose that the public’s right to know is of the top priority and the administrative punishment decision should be made public as the principle.This proposal deviates from the prudent stance of the Administrative Punishment Law on the disclosure of administrative punishment decision.Therefore,a more comprehensive principle of proportionality should be adopted to determine the way of disclosure in accordance with the purpose of disclosure of administrative punishment decisions in individual cases.Selecting the way with the least damage to the illegal counterpart will strike a balance between the way and the purpose of disclosure,which can help ease the above tension.