法的经验

The Experience of Law

在社会分工和专业化的背景下,似乎唯有法律从业人员才拥有直接的法律经验,而非专业人士对法的经验只是一种以专业人士为中介的间接经验。但从现象学的角度来看,人们的社会行动中必然包含一个法的面相。因而对法的经验就不是一种间接经验,而首要是直接的伴随性经验。对于所有社会成员而言,法律都直接可及。特别地,具有法律素养的专业人士还能够将法的面相作为自足的对象来看待。这两种对法的经验模态并不互相排斥。在法律咨询的过程中,这两种模态是相互指涉和依赖的。而在法庭审判中,法官还能够将这两种模态加以融合,法律事态便由此获得了第三种经验模态,也是最终的所予方式,即明证地被给予。

In the context of social division of labor and specialization,it seems that only legal practitioners have direct experiences of law,and the layman’s experiences of law can only be counted as an indirect experience with professionals as intermediaries.But from the perspective of phenomenology,people’s social actions must include a respect of law.Therefore,the experience of the law is not primarily an indirect experience,but first and foremost a direct with-experience.For all members of society,the law is directly accessible.In particular,professionals with legal literacy can also treat the respect of law as a self-sufficient object.These two experience-modes to the law are not mutually exclusive.For example,in the process of legal consultation,these two modes refer to and rely on each other.In court trials,the judge can also integrate these two modes,and the legal tense thus obtains the third and the final modes of givenness,that is,to be given in evidence.