中国农村老龄健康:特征、成因与应对方略

Elderly Health in Rural China:Characteristics,Causes and Responding Strategies

文章基于多期中国健康与养老追踪数据分析我国农村老年人口的健康状况及其变化趋势,并从性别、地区、城乡、家庭四个维度剖析健康不平等的主要特征。研究发现,农村老年人自评健康较差但略有改善;患慢性病率达七成且共病特征明显;ADL失能率稳定在13%左右,但IADL失能率提高;男性、城镇、有配偶老年人的健康状况更好;健康性别差异随年龄增长而扩大,地区差异呈东高西低、南高北低的分布格局。当前,农村医疗和养老保障水平低、村居基础设施落后、医疗资源城乡配置非均衡、家庭照料功能弱化以及预防性保健不足是制约老龄健康发展的重点因素。下一步需要坚持全生命周期和积极老龄观理念,加强健康中国和乡村振兴战略协同,夯实设施、制度和资源基础,深化康养服务内核,促进农村老龄健康高质量、可持续、公平发展。

Based on multi-period CHARLS data,this paper analyzes the health status and its variation trend of the elderly in rural China,and their main characteristics of health inequality across gender,region,areas and family dimensions.The results reveal that the self-rated health of rural elderly was poor but slightly improved.The prevalence of chronic diseases reached 70%and the comorbidity was obvious.The disability rate of ADL was stable at 13%,but the disability rate of IADL increased.Male elderly individuals,older people with spouses,and urban seniors exhibited better health.Gender inequalities in health widened with age,and regional differences in health presented a distribution pattern that the east was better than the west,and the south was better than the north.At present,the low level of rural medical and old-age securities systems,inadequate village infrastructure,unbalanced allocation of medical resources between urban and rural areas,weakening of family care function,and lack of preventive health care measures are key factors restricting the healthy development of rural elderly.Next step,we need to adhere to the whole life cycle and positive aging concepts,strengthen the coordination between healthy China and rural revitalization strategies,consolidate facility,institutional and resource bases,deepen the core of health and aging services,and finally promote high-quality,sustainable and equitable development of aging health in rural area.