清代中叶闽东畲族地区“中人”报酬考——以闽东畲族文书为中心的考察

A Study on the Remuneration of "Middlemen" in the She Ethnic Area of Eastern Fujian in the Middle Qing Dynasty: Centered on the Documents of the She Ethnic Group in Eastern Fujian

清代中叶闽东畲族地区经济交易活跃,而“中人”在乡村经济中扮演着重要角色,在契约订立、交易担保、买卖纠纷等环节中发挥了关键作用。通过对闽东地区“中人”报酬的考察,可知“中人”酬谢类型呈现单一性的特点,绝大多数以银两酬谢为主。结合相关契约文书进一步分析,“中人”报酬支付方并非一成不变,而是受多因素影响的。此外,闽东地区“中人”酬谢比重以3%为主,占比在1%~10%之间浮动。通过对罗源、屏南、古田三地进行具体分析,发现宗族伦理道义及地区商业经济是影响报酬比重的关键因素。

In the middle period of Qing Dynasty,economic transactions were active in the She ethnic area in eastern Fujian,and"middlemen"played an important role in the rural economy,which played a key role in contract formation,transaction guarantee and sale disputes.Through the investigation of the remuneration of"middlemen"in the eastern Fujian region,it can be seen that the types of remuneration for"middlemen"exhibit a single characteristic,and most of them are mainly silver reward.According to the further analysis of relevant contract documents,the remuneration payer of"middlemen"is not fixed,but is affected by many factors.In addition,the proportion of rewards for"middlemen"in eastern Fujian is mainly 3%,which fluctuates between 1%and 10%.Through the detailed analysis of Luoyuan,Pingnan and Gutian,it is found that clan ethics and regional commercial economy are the key factors affecting the proportion of remuneration.