聚四氟乙烯材料切削工艺和应用研究进展

State-of-the-Art of Cutting Technology and Applications of PTFE

聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)因其优异的物理化学性能而成为生产制造电子通信、航空航天等领域关键零部件的重要材料。相比模压烧结工艺,切削工艺能够更高效地加工结构较为复杂的PTFE零部件。然而,PTFE材料具有韧性强、回弹性高、导热性差和线膨胀系数大等特点,使得其切削加工质量难以保证,在一些特殊领域,对PTFE零部件的表面洁净度更是有极高的要求,这些都对PTFE材料的切削工艺提出了新的挑战。从PTFE材料的基础力学和物理化学等特性出发,总结了PTFE材料的切削加工性;结合聚合物切削理论及其研究方法分析了PTFE材料的切削去除机理;阐述了PTFE及其复合材料的车、铣、钻等切削加工工艺;最后概述了PTFE材料切削工艺在相关重要领域的应用现状,并从材料性能研究、基础切削理论研究、切削工艺探索等方面总结了现有研究和应用中存在的问题,对未来研究的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望。

PTFE,with the excellent physical and chemical properties,be came an important material in producing key parts in the fields such as electronic communication,aerospace,et al.Compared with the molding and sintering processes,the cutting technology might be used to manufacture PTFE parts with complex structures more efficiently.However,PTFE had the characteristics of strong toughness,high resilience,poor thermal conductivity,and large linear expansion coefficient.So,the machining quality of PTFE parts was difficult to be guaranteed.In some special cases,the high surface cleanliness of the PTFE parts was also required,which presented new challenges to the cutting technology of PTFE materials.Firstly,the machinability of PTFE was summarized based on the basic mechanics,physical and chemical properties.Secondly,the cutting removal mechanism of PTFE was analyzed based on the polymer cutting theory and research methods.Then,the cutting technology of PTFE such as turning,milling,and drilling was presented.Finally,the applications of PTFE cutting technology was discussed.The problems in the existing researches in terms of material property research,basic cutting theory research,and cutting technology exploration were summarized.And the research trend and focus were prospected.