光伏组件下沿泥带对发电量的影响分析及解决方案

ANALYSIS AND SOLUTION OF IMPACT OF MUD BELT AT BOTTOM OF PV MODULES ON POWER GENERATION CAPACITY

对于建设在工商业屋顶的分布式光伏电站而言,由于其紧邻用电侧,降低了附加的输配电成本,且厂房业主用电可享受折扣;再加上国家政策的大力支持,近几年,此类光伏电站在中国中东部地区实现了飞速发展。但在后期运维中发现,建设于工商业屋顶的分布式光伏电站受屋顶坡度及施工条件的限制,光伏组件安装倾角一般为2°~6°,导致光伏组件除了表面易积灰外,其下沿边框处也堆积了一层厚泥带,极易影响光伏电站发电量。因此,亟需一种成本低、效能高、维护率低的解决方案。以建于西安市某工商业彩钢瓦屋顶的4.6 MW分布式光伏电站为实验场地,分别采用短期和长期两种测试方式,重点研究泥带对光伏组件发电量的影响,提出了利用导水排尘器清除积水和泥带的解决方式,并对其效果进行验证。研究结果显示:1)在保持光伏电站原有清洗状况不变的前提下,通过两年的长期测试发现,1#、2#和3#厂房屋顶安装有导水排尘器的各光伏支路的累计发电量平均值比未安装导水排尘器的光伏支路的累计发电量分别提升了5.17%、13.13%和0.58%;2)光伏组件的安装倾角越小,泥带对其发电量的影响越严重。

For distributed PV power stations built on industrial and commercial roofs,their proximity to the electricity consumption side reduces additional transmission and distribution costs,and factory owners can enjoy discounts on electricity consumption.Moreover,the government has provided strong policy support for such PV power stations,and in recent years,such kind of power stations have achieved rapid development in the central and eastern regions of China.However,in the later operation and maintenance,it is found that distributed PV power stations built on industrial and commercial roofs are limited by the slope of the roof and construction conditions.The installation angle of PV modules is generally 2°~6°,which leads to the accumulation of dust on the surface of the PV modules and a thick layer of mud belt at the lower edge of the frame,which easily affects the power generation capacity of the PV power station.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a low-cost,high efficiency,and low maintenance solution.This paper takes a 4.6 MW distributed PV power station built on a colored steel tile roof of a certain industrial and commercial enterprise in Xi'an as the experimental site,and adopts two short-term and long-term testing methods.The focus is on studying the impact of mud belts on the power generation capacity of PV modules,and proposing a solution to remove accumulated water and mud belts using a water-guiding and dust collector,and then the effectiveness is verified.The research results show that:1)While maintaining the original cleaning status of the PV power station,through two years of long-term testing,it is found that the average cumulative power generation capacity of each PV branch installed with waterguiding and dust collectors in the roof of factory building 1#,2#and 3#increased by 5.17%,13.13%,and 0.58%compared to the cumulative power generation capacity of PV branch without water-guiding and dust collectors,respectively;2)The smaller the installation angle of PV modules,the more severe the impact of mud belt on their power generation capacity.