光电建筑的闪电附着特性及瞬态电磁效应研究

STUDY ON LIGHTNING ATTACHMENT CHARACTERISTICS AND TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC EFFECTS OF BUILDINGS WITH BIPV MODULES

安装在光电建筑顶部的BIPV组件遭受雷击的概率较大。为了保护光电建筑本身和内部敏感电子设备,有必要研究光电建筑的闪电附着特性及雷击电磁效应。首先,搭建光伏组件静电场模型,并通过试验验证了模型的准确性,进而通过仿真计算获得BIPV组件最易遭受雷击的位置。然后,基于光电建筑BIPV组件的闪电附着特性构建雷击瞬态电流和瞬态磁场方程,应用有限元法对光电建筑内部的磁场分布进行仿真计算。最后,将光电建筑内的雷击磁场分布与未安装BIPV组件的普通建筑内雷击磁场分布进行比较,结果表明:BIPV组件金属框架最外层的上边缘接闪率最高;与普通建筑相比,安装了BIPV组件的光电建筑金属框架的雷击瞬态电流分布更均匀,因此光电建筑内部雷击磁场强度安全的区域更大,雷击损害风险更低。

BIPV modules are prone to be struck by lightning when they are installed on the roof of buildings.In order to protect buildings and internal sensitive electronic equipment,it is necessary to study the lightning attachment characteristics and relative electromagnetic effects.Firstly,the static electric field model of BIPV module is established.The accuracy of the model is verified by experiments.Furthermore,the location where BIPV module is most vulnerable to lightning stroke is obtained through simulation.Secondly,the equations of transient current and magnetic field are constructed according to the lightning attachment characteristics of BIPV modules.The electromagnetic field distribution inside the building with BIPV modules is calculated by the finite element model.Finally,the magnetic field distribution inside the building with BIPV modules are analyzed and compared with that of the building without BIPV modules.The comparison results show that the top edge of the outermost metal frame of BIPV module has the biggest lightning interception possibility.The distribution of transient current inside the metal frame of the building with BIPV modules is more uniform.The internal safe space against magnetic fields is larger than that of the building without BIPV modules.So the lightning damage risk of the building with BIPV modules is lower.