目的地环境恢复性感知对旅游者幸福感的影响机制研究——基于模糊集定性比较分析

Effect of Perceived Destination Restorative Qualities on Tourist Well-Being Based on fsQCA

关于目的地环境恢复性感知与旅游者幸福感之间影响关系的研究目前多采用线性回归、结构方程模型等传统定量方法,对其复杂性缺乏深入探讨。该文立足于疫情防控的特殊时期,以青岛市为例,运用模糊集定性比较分析法构建旅游者幸福感(享乐幸福感和实现幸福感)的因果模型,并纳入“拥挤感知”变量,以进一步探析旅游者幸福感的前因组态条件。研究表明:①在拥挤感知、兼容、程度、心理逃离、物理逃离和迷恋6个前因要素中,“迷恋”的一致性最高,对旅游者高幸福感的生成具有重要解释力,但所有单要素均不能构成两类幸福感的充要条件;②共析出9种能促进高旅游者幸福感的复杂组合路径,其核心条件均涉及“心理逃离”,表明该要素是旅游者高幸福感生成的重要基础;③旅游者高享乐幸福感和实现幸福感的组态条件存在显著差异,相比享乐幸福感,实现幸福感前因组态的核心条件稍显复杂;④在具有最高一致性的路径组合中,两类幸福感均“一定不包含”高拥挤感知。研究结果可深化对旅游者幸福感生成机制的理解,并为旅游目的地的营销和管理提供实践启示。

Existing research concerning the relationships between perceived destination restorative qualities(PDRQs)and tourist well-being mainly adopts traditional quantitative methods such as linear regression and structural equation model,and lacks an in-depth discussion on its internal complexity.Anchored in the special period of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control,this paper takes Qingdao as the research site,establishes a causal-effect model of tourist well-being(hedonic and eudaemonic well-being)by using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA),and incorporates the variable of"crowding perception"to further explore the configuration conditions of tourist well-being.It is found as follows.①The"fascination"dimension achieved the highest consistency among six influencing factors on tourists′hedonic well-being and eudaemonic well-being,demonstrating that it has an important explanatory power to the formation of tourist well-being.However,none of factors alone was able to create the necessary conditions for tourist well-being.②Nine combinations related to high-level of hedonic and eudaemonic well-being are revealed.The core conditions of hedonic well-being and eudaemonic well-being both involve the"mentally away"dimension,indicating that a strong sense of"mentally away"can serve as an important basis for shaping a high-level of well-being for tourists.③The configurations of tourists'hedonic well-being and eudaemonic well-being are significantly heterogeneous.Compared with hedonic well-being,the core conditions in the configurations of eudaemonic well-being are more complexed.④For tourists′hedonic well-being and eudaemonic well-being,the combination with the highest consistency"definitely does not include"the high-level of crowding perception.This paper not only deepens the understanding of formation mechanism of tourist well-being,but also provides practical enlightenment for destination marketing and management.