中国金属铂的物质流分析

Material substance flow analysis of platinum in China

作为矿产初级产品,铂是重要的战略矿产资源,主要应用在汽车、首饰、化工等领域。构建了2016—2020年中国铂动态物质流分析模型,对铂的人为流动和社会库存进行了定量评估;根据部门消费法选取汽车行业,基于Weibull分布对铂的报废量进行测算,提出铂的可持续发展和资源管理政策建议。结果显示:(1)中国铂矿产量少且品位低,铂矿可用储量、产量均下降,全国铂平均品位仅为0.341 g/t;(2)铂的消费量和进口依赖度逐年上升,首饰行业是需求最大的产业,汽车行业铂的存量和报废量也快速增加。分析表明,中国未来铂资源回收潜力巨大,因此,需要对含铂产品使用后的回收管理体系进行改进,加强铂二次资源的回收利用,从而减少铂的进口依赖程度成为当务之急。

As a primary mineral product,platinum is an important strategic mineral in China,which is mainly used in the fields of automobile,jewelry,and chemical industry.In this study,a dynamic material flow analysis model of platinum in China for the period of 2016-2020 was constructed to quantitatively assess the anthropogenic flow and social inventory of platinum.Then the automotive industry was selected based upon the sectoral consumption approach to measure the end-of-life of platinum,and policy recommendations were made for the sustainable development and resource management of platinum based upon the findings.We found that:(1)China’s platinum minerals are small and of low grade,and the available reserves and production of platinum ores are declining,with the national average grade of platinum being only 0.341 g/t;(2)the consumption and import dependence of platinum is largely increasing year by year,with the jewelry industry being the industry with the highest demand,and the stock and scrap of platinum in the automotive industry is also growing dramatically.All these findings indicate that we should explore new high-grade platinum mines and enter cooperative relationships with major platinum exporting countries;and that the future recycling potential in China is tremendous,while the improvement of the collection system of platinum-containing products after consumption can enhance the recycling of secondary resources to effectively recover platinum scrap,thus reduce the import dependence and well foster the sustainable use of platinum.