丘陵荒漠土稻区肥密运筹对北方粳稻辽粳1402产量与株型结构的影响

Effect of Fertilization and Transplanting Density on the Plant Type and Yield of Northern Japonica Liaojing 1402 Grown in Hilly,Sandy Soil Areas

为了探明丘陵荒漠土稻区氮肥和栽插密度对北方粳型超级稻产量及株型结构的影响,以北方粳型超级稻辽粳1402为材料,设置3种基蘖肥施氮量(纯氮155、130、110 kg/hm^(2))和3种栽插密度(25、20、17穴/m^(2)),研究了丘陵荒漠土稻区肥密耦合对水稻产量、产量参数、穗部性状、冠层结构配置、干物质积累量及氮肥利用率的影响,阐明了肥密运筹下株型结构的变化特征。研究结果表明,施氮量和栽插密度对水稻的最高分蘖数、有效穗数、二次枝梗数及产量均有显著影响;提高施氮量或栽插密度均可提高群体的叶面积指数、有效叶面积指数和高效叶面积指数,但透光率随冠层高度下降而显著降低;同等氮肥水平下栽插密度对叶长和叶宽的影响在叶位间表现为剑叶<倒二叶<倒三叶,而对叶基角叶位间的影响较为复杂,表现为高氮水平下剑叶>倒二叶>倒三叶,低氮水平下剑叶<倒二叶<倒三叶,着粒密度随着施氮量的增加表现为先增加后降低的趋势;降低施氮量显著提高了氮肥偏生产力,低氮处理比中氮和高氮处理分别提升了8.16%和25.73%。北方粳型超级稻辽粳1402在丘陵荒漠土条件下,栽插密度25穴/m^(2)和基蘖肥施氮量130 kg/hm^(2)有利于增加有效穗数,提高分蘖成穗率和干物质积累量以及叶面积指数,有利于产量和氮肥利用率的提高。

In order to identify the influence of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density on the yield and plant structure of the northern japonica super rice in sandy soil of hilly rice region,three levels of base-tiller nitrogen fertilizer(pure N 155,130,110 kg/ha)and three treatments of planting density(25,20,17 holes/m^(2))were set with the Japonica super rice variety Liaojing 1402.The effects of N fertilizer and density coupling on rice yield,yield component,panicle traits,canopy structure,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency were studied in sandy soil of hilly region.The results showed that:The N fertilizer and planting density had significant effects on panicles number,secondary panicle branches and yield of the rice,but had no significant effects on grain number,seed-setting rate,1000-grain weight and primary panicle branches.Increasing planting density significantly increased tiller numbers and effective panicle numbers,but had negative influence on other yield components,and the effect of planting density on yield was greater than that of N fertilizer.Population leaf area index,effective leaf area index and efficient leaf area index were increased by increasing N fertilizer or planting density,while the light transmittance decreased significantly with the decline of canopy height.Under the same nitrogen fertilizer level,the effects of planting density on leaf length and leaf width were as follows:basal leaf<inverted two-leaf<inverted three-leaf,while the effects on leaf base corner were more complex,as basal leaf<inverted two-leaf<inverted three-leaf,and basal leaf<inverted two-leaf<inverted three-leaf,respectively,at high nitrogen level.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the grain density increased first and then decreased.The nitrogen partial productivity of low N treatment was increased by 8.16%and 25.73%compared with medium N treatment and high N treatment,respectively.Our result suggested that the treatments of planting density of 25 holes/m^(2) and basal tiller N fertilizer amount of 130 kg/ha could be suitable for increasing effective panicle number,tiller panicle formation rate and dry matter,and also had reasonable leaf area index,basal leaf angle and light-interception form at heading stage,which could be beneficial to improve grain yield and N fertilizer utilization efficiency of northern japonica super rice in sandy soil of hilly region.