公私交融的人工智能法

The Fusion of The Public and Private Law in AI Law

人工智能法的事物本质决定了其公私交融特性。事物本质的观察源于技术不平等与随之而来的信任关系重塑,其基本内涵是主体数字化、数据财产化、财产债权化、权利社会化和责任客观化。人工智能系统、AI agent并非法律主体。同意具有公法内涵但离不开私法分析,智能合约研究进展不大。权利研究不能支撑人类数字化生存的公私利益诉求,数据赋权说已占主流,但仍未能走出数据流通困境。法律责任的研究集中在归责原则的客观化与生成式人工智能之服务提供者的义务及过错判断上。以风险为基础的人工智能治理构成人工智能立法的底层逻辑,应注意风险与责任的互动关系。

The nature of artificial intelligence law determines its public-private blending characteristics.The observation of the nature of things starts from technological inequality and the subsequent reshaping of trust relationships.Its basic connotation is the digitization of subjects,the propertyization of data,the creditorization of property,the socialization of rights,and the objectification of responsibilities.AI systems and AI agents are not legal subjects.Consent has public law connotations but cannot be separated from private law analysis,and the research on smart contract has not made much progress.Research on rights cannot support the public and private interest claims of human beings in digital existence.The theory of data empowerment has dominated,but it still fails to solve the dilemma of data circulation.Research on legal liability focuses on the objectification of the principle of attribution and the obligation and fault judgment of service providers of generative artificial intelligence.Risk-based artificial intelligence governance constitutes the underlying logic of artificial intelligence legislation,and attention should be paid to the interactive relationship between risks and responsibilities.