历史主义对德国来源原则的影响——从1881年《国家机密档案馆档案整理条例》说开去

The Impact of Historicism on the Principle of Provenance in German—An Analysis Based on the Regulations of 1881

德国来源原则是历史主义发展的产物,历史主义认识论和方法论推动档案整理方法从逻辑主义逐渐转向历史主义,并在1881年《国家机密档案馆档案整理条例》中留下深刻的时代烙印。历史主义认识论个体性和发展性影响了档案学者和历史学者对全宗和档案内部原始秩序的认知,历史主义方法论解释学方法和史料批判方法对档案管理方法提出了新的要求。尊重档案的来源和原有的整理顺序、维持档案结构的历史秩序契合深化历史理解、保持历史客观性的时代要求。

The principle of provenance in German is a product of the historicism trend,the historicism epistemology and methodology that drove the shift from a logical to a historicism approach to archives and left its mark on the period in the regulations of 1881.The central concepts of historicism,"individuality"and"development",have influenced archivists'and historians'perceptions of the whole and the original order within the archive,and hermeneutic and historical-critical approaches have placed new demands on archival management methods.Respect for the provenance of the archives and the original order in which they were organized,as well as the historical order of the structure of the archives,is in keeping with the requirements of the times to deepen historical understanding and maintain historical objectivity.