云南圈养亚洲象肠道菌群特征初探

Preliminary Study on the Characteristics of Gut Microbiota for Captive Asian Elephants in Yunnan

为揭示云南亚洲象的肠道微生物组成以及两地不同圈养方式对其肠道微生物的影响,于2022年9—11月采集昆明市圆通山动物园(采用圈舍、纯人工饲养模式,n=2)和西双版纳勐海县勐阿镇管护站(采用自然地圈养模式,偶有人工投喂,n=3)的5头亚洲象粪便,提取DNA后,利用16S rDNA V3—V4区扩增子进行测序和分析。结果表明,从亚洲象粪便样本中共获得611 857条有效序列,聚类产生2 485个操作分类单元(OTU),分属20个门和173个属,厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是所有亚洲象粪便样本中的优势菌门,毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌科、F082、Rikenellaceae为优势菌科。Ace指数(t=4.831,P=0.021)和Chao1指数(t=3.96,P=0.32)分析结果表明,勐海亚洲象粪便的菌群丰度显著高于圆通山组(P <0.05);不同地区生活的亚洲象的粪便菌群结构和功能有所不同。综上,两地亚洲象的肠道菌群有一定的共性,同时也存在明显的差异。说明不同生活环境会导致亚洲象肠道的微生物菌群差异,野生模式的圈养方式会使亚洲象肠道微生物群落更加丰富。

To explore the gut microbiota composition of Asian elephants in Yunnan and the effect of different captive feeding methods on their gut microbiota,this study was conducted from September to November 2022.Feces of five Asian elephant were collected from Kunming Yuantongshan Zoo(using captive and pure artificial feeding methods,n=2)and Meng'a Town Management Station in Menghai county,Xishuangbanna prefecture(using natural captive feeding methods with occasional artificial feeding,n=3),and after extracting DNA,sequencing and analysis were performed using 16S rDNA V3-V4 region amplicons.The results showed that a total of 611857 valid sequences were obtained from Asian elephant fecal samples,and clustering generated 2485 operational taxonomic units(OTUs),belonging to 20 phyla and 173 genera.Firmicutes and Bacte‐roidetes were the dominant phyla in all Asian elephant fecal samples,while Trichospiridae,Ruminococcaceae,F082,and Rikenellaceae were the dominant bacterial families.The analysis results of Ace index(t=4.831,P=0.021)and Chao1 in‐dex(t=3.96,P=0.32)showed that the abundance of fecal microbiota in the Asian elephant in Menghai was significantly higher than that in the Yuantongshan group(P<0.05).The fecal microbiota structure and function of Asian elephants living in different regions were different.In summary,there were certain similarities and significant differences in the gut mi‐crobiota of Asian elephants between the regions.It indicated that different living environments can lead to differences in the gut microbiota of Asian elephants,and the wild mode of captive feeding can enrich the gut microbiota of Asian elephants.