4例儿童植入式静脉输液港导管断裂原因分析及处理

Rupture of catheter in implantable venous access port:analysis of cause and incidence management in 4 cases of paediatric patients

目的探讨4例儿童植入式静脉输液港导管发生断裂的原因,并总结护理经验。方法2011年3月—2023年1月本科室共植入应用输液港319例,其中4例患儿发生导管断裂,发生率1.3%,4例患儿断裂的输液港均经手术完整取出;对导管发生断裂的原因、识别方法进行分析总结。结果病例1导管断裂位置距离港座6cm,断裂的导管未发生移位;病例2在距离港座7cm处发现导管呈线状裂纹,外观完整无断裂,推注液体时可见裂纹处有液体溢出;病例3导管断裂位置距离港座11cm,断裂的导管未发生移位;病例4导管断裂位置距离港座1cm处,且断裂后导管沿右心房-右肺动脉-右下肺动脉发生移位。输液港导管断裂原因:病例1、3、4有频繁且长时间的颈部、上肢肢体活动;病例2输液港维护不当。输液港拔除术后,病例1、2、4患儿因原发病需继续住院治疗,病例3术后第2天出院。结论导管断裂是输液港临床维护及使用过程中的严重并发症之一,医护人员应重视输液港规范化操作与维护、加强患儿及家长的健康宣教,及时发现异常并处理,其是保障患儿输液港安全使用的重要措施。

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying causes of catheter rupture in implantable venous assess ports among 4 paediatric patients and to summarise nursing experiences.Methods A total of 319 implantations of venous assess port were admitted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery of our hospital from March 2011 to January 2023,with an incidence rate of catheter fracture at 1.3%(4 cases).The ruptured catheters in all 4 paediatric patients were successfully retrieved via surgery.The reasons for catheter rupture as well as the methods for identification were analysed and summarised.Results In Case 1,a catheter rupture was located at 6 cm from the port and the ruptured catheter was not displaced.In Case 2,a linear crack was observed at 7 cm from the base of port without visible sign of catheter rupture,however,a leakage was observed from the crack when fluid was injected.In Case 3,the location of catheter rupture was identified at 11 cm from the port and again there was no evidence of displacement.However for Case 4,a catheter rupture occurred at just 1 cm away from the base of port,with a displacement along right atrium-right pulmonary artery-right inferior pulmonary artery.The causes of catheter rupture were attributed to frequent and prolonged neck and upper extremity activities in Cases 1,3 and 4,as well as an inappropriate handling of catheter in Case 2.After removal of the catheter,Cases 1,2 and 4 were kept in hospital for treatment of original illnesses,while Case 3 was discharged the day after the removal of catheter.Conclusion Catheter rupture is an extremely serious complication.It is imperative for healthcare personnel to adhere to standardised procedures and maintenance protocols,together with comprehensive health education to both parents and children.Early detection of an abnormality followed by prompt handling is crucial in ensuring the safety usage of an implantable venous assess port in paediatric patients.