副词“搞不好”的语义情态与分布验证

Semantic Modality and Distribution Verification of the Adverb“Gaobuhao”(搞不好)

“搞不好”是活跃于汉语口语中的述补结构,后逐渐语法化为表示“揣测”义的副词。多年来,学界在副词“搞不好”的句法分布特点、语义情态、历时演变等方面取得了丰硕的研究成果,但也存在着句法分布描写不够精确、语义情态的归纳缺乏正反验证和系统解释等问题。文章以语义语法理论为指导,按照从句法分布特点到话语关联再到语义情态的顺序,概括出副词“搞不好”的话语关联为“因情估果”,并正反验证副词“搞不好”的“担忧”或“乐观”情态,力图解决以上问题。

“Gaobuhao”(搞不好)is a resultative complement structure that is active in spoken Chinese and has gradually grammaticalized into an adverb indicating speculation.Over the years,the academic community has made fruitful research achievements in the syntactic distribution characteristics,semantic modalities,diachronic evolution,and other aspects of the adverb“Gaobuhao”.However,there are still issues such as insufficient precision in describing syntactic distribution,lack of positive and negative verification of semantic modalities,and lack of systematic explanations.Guided by semantic grammar theory,this article summarizes the discourse association of the adverb“Gaobuhao”as“inferring outcomes from situations”in the order from syntactic distribution characteristics to discourse association and then to semantic modalities.It attempts to positively and negatively verify the modalities of“concern”and“optimism”associated with the adverb“Gaobuhao”,aiming to address the aforementioned issues.