财政转移支付与农户生计韧性:“驱动”还是“制约”

The Effect of Financial Transfer Payment on Rural Livelihood Resilience:Promoting or Restraining

农民农村共同富裕是实现全体人民共同富裕的难点和重点,提升农户生计韧性水平为平稳实现这一目标提供了新的思路。本文利用2014一2020年中国家庭追踪调查数据,在传统生计可持续框架中纳入心理资本要素构建生计韧性指标。基于该指标,本文从农户生计要素流动和生计策略多样性两个方面探讨财政转移支付影响农户生计韧性的作用机制。研究发现:农户生计韧性水平存在群体、空间和时间上的异质性,2014—2020年,农户生计韧性水平逐年提高,但低保户、中低收入农户、东北地区和西部地区农户的生计韧性水平仍较低;财政转移支付有利于农户生计资本的积累,但这种积累局限于物质资本和自然资本等满足基本生产生活需求的生计资本方面;财政转移支付通过农户生计要素流动和生计策略多样性两条生计活动渠道影响农户生计韧性;基层财政资金的有限性与不同财政资金惠及范围的差异使村级现金补助支出的增加反而会制约农户生计韧性水平的提升。本文研究表明,平稳实现农民农村共同富裕要致力于构建财政转移支付支持低收入群体发展的长效机制,促进财政转移支付在农户生计活动中发挥正向激励效应,同时,也要兼顾基层财政的可持续性。

The common prosperity for farmers and rural areas is the difficulty and key point to achieve the common prosperity of all people,and improving the rural livelihood resilience provides new ideas for achieving this goal smoothly.This study uses China Family Panel Studies dataset from 2014 to 2020 to construct a livelihood resilience indicator based on the sustainable livelihood framework combing with psychological capital.Based on this indicator,this study explores the mechanism of financial transfer payment ffecting the livelihood resilience of rural households from two aspects:livelihood factor mobility and livelihood strategy diversity.The results show that livelihood resilience is heterogeneous in different entities,regions,and years.From 2014 to 2020,the livelihood resilience of rural households increased year by year,but the livelihood resilience of low-income households,lowand middle-income rural households,and rural households in the northeast and west regions was still low.Financial transfer payment is conducive to the accumulation of livelihood capital of rural households,but this accumulation is stll limited by the subsistence capital which meets the basic production and living requirements of rural households,such as material capital and natural capital.Livelihood factor mobility and livelihood strategy diversity are two mechanisms through which financial transfer payment affects livelihood resilience.However,the improvement of vilage cash subsidy expenditure restricts the improvement of livelihood resilience of rural households due to the nature of limited grassroots financial funds and the different benefit scopes of different financial funds.This study indicates that constructing a long-term dynamic mechanism of financial transfer payment,promoting financial transfer payment to play a positive incentive effect on rural livelihood activities,and taking into account the financial sustainability at the grassroots level are essential to achieve the common prosperity for farmers and rural areas.